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film screen image acquisition, processing, and image analysis > Intensifying Screen > Flashcards

Intensifying Screen Flashcards

1
Q

it acts as a transducer and converts x-ray energy to light which exposes the radiographic film

A

intensifying screen

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2
Q

intensifying screen is made of

A

polyester with an active layer containing phosphors

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3
Q

it is normally mounted inside the cassette in pairs for use with double emulsion-film

A

intensifying screen

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4
Q

contact between the screens and film must be perfect; poor contact results in?

A

localized loss of recorded detail, localized blurring on the image

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5
Q

it is a rigid, light-tight container that holds the screens and film in close contact

A

cassette

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6
Q

it is used to transform film for use without exposing the film to room light

A

cassette

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7
Q

when loading a cassette, top should not be fully opened in order to prevent dust and formation of artifacts. how much can you open a cassette

A

2-3 inches

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8
Q

a metal frame with low atomic number and radiolucent front

A

cassette front

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9
Q

composition of cassette front

A

magnesium, bakelite or carbon fiber

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10
Q

a compression layer and maintains proper film-screen contact

A

contact felt

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11
Q

a light-tight seal that is completed by a snap or latch hinges; black felt is used in its older styles

A

hinges

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12
Q

it is a lead foil that absorbs backscatter

A

cassette back

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13
Q

composition of a cassette back

A

manganese and lead

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14
Q

they use thinner backsides

A

phototiming and AEC cassettes

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15
Q

layers of intensifying screen

A

base, reflective layer, phosphor layer, protective coating

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16
Q

it is the thickest part layer of intensifying screen and provides support to the phosphor layer

A

base

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17
Q

size of the base of an intensifying screen

A

1 mm or 1000 micrometer

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18
Q

base of an intensifying screen is made up of?

A

high grade carboard, plastic or polyester

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19
Q

thickness or size of reflective layer

A

25 micrometer

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20
Q

it serves as redirecting of light toward the film and intercepts light photons headed in other direction and redirects them to the film

A

reflective layer

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21
Q

composition of a reflective layer

A

magnesium oxide and titanium oxide

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22
Q

how much could reflective layer have crossover effect?

A

30% or more

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23
Q

it is also called crossover control layer and is designed for rare-earth screens and green-sensitive films

A

anti-crossover layer

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24
Q

designed for single-emulsion films such as mammographic films

A

anti-halaiton layer

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25
Q

size of phosphor layer in intensifying screen

A

150-300 micrometer

26
Q

crystal size of phosphor layer

A

5-15 micrometer

27
Q

it is the active and most important layer of intensifying screen as it emits light during stimulation by x-ray

A

phosphor layer

28
Q

ability to give off visible light

A

luminescence

29
Q

ability of phosphor to give off light only while exposed to x-ray and is important to radiography

A

fluorescence

30
Q

continue to emit light even after x-ray exposure has ceased or stopped and produces afterglow or screen lag

A

phosphorescence

31
Q

characteristics of a good phosphor

A

detective quantum efficiency, conversion efficiency, spectral matching, minimum afterglow/lag

32
Q

ability of the phosphor to convert x-ray into light

A

conversion efficiency (CE)

33
Q

ability of the phosphor to interact with x-ray

A

detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

34
Q

specific color that the phosphors emit must match with the spectral sensitivity

A

spectral matching

35
Q

this is insignificant in radiography but is used in fluoroscopy

A

minimum afterglow/lag

36
Q

thickness of protective coating

A

10-20 micrometer

37
Q

it gives physical protection to the delicate phosphor layer and provides a surface which can be handled and cleaned without damaging the phosphor

A

protective coating

38
Q

it prevents static build up and is transparent to x-ray

A

protective coating

39
Q

phosphor materials

A

calcium tungstate, barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride, zinc sulfide, rare earth

40
Q

calcium tungstate is introduced by

A

Thomas A. Edison

41
Q

this phosphor material responds well to x-rays

A

calcium tungstate

42
Q

this phosphor material is used with blue-sensitive films and has globular grains

A

calcium tungstate

43
Q

calcium tungstate’s broad band emissions?

A

blue, indigo, violet

44
Q

other term for barium lead sulfate

A

barium flurochloride

45
Q

it is used for producing high-speed screens and for high kVp techniques; used for decreasing patient dose

A

barium lead sulfate or barium flurochloride

46
Q

this phosphor material is used in fluoroscpic screens and responds well with low intensity radiation

A

zinc sulfide

47
Q

this is used for high resolution imaging

A

zinc sulfide

48
Q

it is more efficient in converting x-rays to light and needs less x-ray energy to provide the same energy conversion as calcium tungstate

A

rare earth

49
Q

it is used for green-sensitive films and has tabular grains; it only has one color of specific emissions

A

rare earth

50
Q

intensifying screen factors

A

type of phosphor used
size of phosphor
crystal size
reflective layer
absorbing layer and dye in phosphor

51
Q

standard intensification factor

A

30 to 50

52
Q

most common method of designating screen speed

A

relative speed value

53
Q

rsv that requires 5 micro Roentgen to produce speed point

A

200 rsv

54
Q

test for screen-film contact

A

wire-mesh test

55
Q

technical factors for wire-mesh test

A

150 kV, 100 mA, 50 ms, 36 in SID

56
Q

transitory for screen-film contact, more obvious in the serial changing film cassette

A

air trapping

57
Q

used to identify stain

A

uv light

58
Q

cleaners for screens

A

antistatic cleaner

59
Q

fluid or substance used in cleaning screen to shorten drying time

A

70% isopropyl alcohol or 95% alcohol

60
Q

material used for cleaning screens for even cleaning

A

cotton balls

film screen image acquisition, processing, and image analysis (6 decks)

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