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Chemistry > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is radioactivity

A

Radioactivity is the spontaneous breaking up of unstable nucleus with the emission of one or more types of radiation

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2
Q

What is nuclear reaction

A

A nuclear reaction is a process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus

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3
Q

3 Types of radiation

A

The 3 types are Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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4
Q

What are alpha particles made up of

A

Group of 2 or more protons and 2 neutrons stuck together [He]

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5
Q

What charge are alpha particles

A

Positive

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6
Q

What is the penetration power of alpha particles

A

Low penetration power

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7
Q

What is an example of a alpha particle

A

Americium 241

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8
Q

Where is Americium used

A

Smoke detectors

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9
Q

How are smoke detectors harmful [americuim 241]

A

Inhaling or ingesting radioactive isotopes that emit alpha particles can be harmful to organs and can cause cancer

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10
Q

What are beta particles made up of?

A

Formed when a neutron in unstable nucleus changes into proton and electron

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11
Q

At what speed are electrons moving in beta particles

A

Fast moving

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12
Q

What happens to the electron in beta particales

A

It’s ejected from the nucleus

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13
Q

What penetration power in the beta particle

A

Lighter then alpha,therefore more penetrating

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14
Q

Example of beta particle

A

Carbon 14

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15
Q

What is carbon 14 used for

A

Carbon dating

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16
Q

What happens to the beta particle

A

The beta particle is ejected from the nucleus when a neutron is converted into a proton and an electron

17
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation

18
Q

What speed is gamma radiation

A

Travels at the speed of light

19
Q

What does gamma NOT consist of

A

Does not consist of charged particles

20
Q

Where is gamma radiation used

A

X-ray

21
Q

What is the penetration power of gamma radiation

A

Very high penetration power

22
Q

What can stop the gamma radiation penetration

A

A thick slab can only stop it

23
Q

What is a half life

A

The half life is an element is the time taken for half of the nuclei is any given sample of decay

24
Q

What instrument is used to detect levels of radiation levels

A

Geiger muller tube

25
Q

What is a radioisotope?

A

Radioactive isotope

26
Q

How are radioisotopes used?

A

1.medical
2.Archeological

27
Q

Explain how radiocarbon dating works?

A

Determine the age of an object containing carbon

Chemistry (7 decks)

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