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Radiology > Radio ch 2 > Flashcards

Radio ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ionization

A

formation of ion pairs

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2
Q

particulate radiation

A

alpha and beta particles

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3
Q

name the ionizing types of rays

A

x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays

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4
Q

name 4 properties of energies of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

travel at the speed of light
have no electrical charge
have no mass or weight
pass through space as particles and in wavelike motion

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5
Q

distance between two similar points on two successive waves

A

wavelength

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6
Q

measure of number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time

A

frequency

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7
Q

refers to speed of a wave

A

velocity

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8
Q

6 properties of X rays

A 
are invisible
travel in straight lines
travel at speed of light
have no mass or weight
have no charge
interact with matter causing ionization
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9
Q

target metal in production of x rays

A

tungsten

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10
Q

4 interactions to occur when a beam of x rays pass through matter are :

A

no interaction
coherent scattering
photoelectric effect
compton effect

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11
Q

an all or nothing energy loss is what type of interaction

A

photoelectric effect

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12
Q

this interaction causes x rays to be scattered in all directions

A

compton effect

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13
Q

this interaction is when a low energy x ray passes near an atoms outer electron

A

coherent scattering

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14
Q

ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment

A

background radiation

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15
Q

background radiation includes what types:

A

cosmic radiation
terrestrial radiation
background radiation from radionuclides

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16
Q

which state has an increased dose of backgound radiation due to increased cosmic radiation at higher altitude and terestrial radiation from soils

A

colorado

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17
Q

to be radioactive we have to change _________, all we change is the _________

A

nucleus, electrons

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18
Q

name the equivalent dose of measurement

A

Rem and seivert

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19
Q

name the absorbed dose of measurement

A

gray and Rad

20
Q

the smallest part of an element

A

atom

21
Q

the smallest part of a substance

A

molecule

22
Q

the innermost level is referred to as the ?

A

K shell

23
Q

T or F the world consists of matter

A

true

24
Q

the emission and movement of energy through space

A

radiation

25
Q

Characteristic radiation occurs above ____ with a tungtsen target?

A

70 kVp

26
Q

Cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays are all measured in ______ units

A

angstrom

27
Q

radio waves and radiation are measured in ____

A

meters

28
Q

the movement of wavelike energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields

A

electromagnetic radiation

29
Q

bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light

A

photons

30
Q

1 A is about 1/250,000,000 ___

A

inches

31
Q

1 A is also equal to 1/100,000,000 __

A

centimeters

32
Q

the longer the wavelength the ______ the frequency, and has ______ the penetrating power.

A

lower, less

33
Q

the shorter the wavelength the _______the frequency, and has ________ penetrating power

A

higher, more

34
Q

these structures are extremely dense and have high atomic weight and appear white or gray on an x ray

A

radiopaque

35
Q

these structures are less dense,have lower atomic weight and appear ________ or dark gray or black on a x ray

A

radiolucent

36
Q

is produced when high speed electrons are stopped or slowed down

A

general/bremsstrahlung

37
Q

a minimum of _________ volts of force is required to dislodge a K electron from an atom

A

69,000

38
Q

No interaction accounts for what percentage of x rays passing through tissue

A

9 %

39
Q

coherent scattering accounts for what percentage ?

A

8 %

40
Q

photoelectric effect accounts for what percentage

A

30%

41
Q

compton effect accounts for what percentage?

A

60%

42
Q

A ______ is a unit of electrical charge

A

coulomb

43
Q

dental and medical x rays make up approximately ____% of the total radiation

A

5

44
Q

nuclear medicine account for _____% of total radiation

A

48

45
Q

background radiation ingestion accounts for ____% of total radiation

A

50

Radiology (6 decks)

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