Radio ch 2 Flashcards
ionization
formation of ion pairs
particulate radiation
alpha and beta particles
name the ionizing types of rays
x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays
name 4 properties of energies of the electromagnetic spectrum
travel at the speed of light
have no electrical charge
have no mass or weight
pass through space as particles and in wavelike motion
distance between two similar points on two successive waves
wavelength
measure of number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time
frequency
refers to speed of a wave
velocity
6 properties of X rays
are invisible travel in straight lines travel at speed of light have no mass or weight have no charge interact with matter causing ionization
target metal in production of x rays
tungsten
4 interactions to occur when a beam of x rays pass through matter are :
no interaction
coherent scattering
photoelectric effect
compton effect
an all or nothing energy loss is what type of interaction
photoelectric effect
this interaction causes x rays to be scattered in all directions
compton effect
this interaction is when a low energy x ray passes near an atoms outer electron
coherent scattering
ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment
background radiation
background radiation includes what types:
cosmic radiation
terrestrial radiation
background radiation from radionuclides
which state has an increased dose of backgound radiation due to increased cosmic radiation at higher altitude and terestrial radiation from soils
colorado
to be radioactive we have to change _________, all we change is the _________
nucleus, electrons
name the equivalent dose of measurement
Rem and seivert
name the absorbed dose of measurement
gray and Rad
the smallest part of an element
atom
the smallest part of a substance
molecule
the innermost level is referred to as the ?
K shell
T or F the world consists of matter
true
the emission and movement of energy through space
radiation
Characteristic radiation occurs above ____ with a tungtsen target?
70 kVp
Cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays are all measured in ______ units
angstrom
radio waves and radiation are measured in ____
meters
the movement of wavelike energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields
electromagnetic radiation
bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light
photons
1 A is about 1/250,000,000 ___
inches
1 A is also equal to 1/100,000,000 __
centimeters
the longer the wavelength the ______ the frequency, and has ______ the penetrating power.
lower, less
the shorter the wavelength the _______the frequency, and has ________ penetrating power
higher, more
these structures are extremely dense and have high atomic weight and appear white or gray on an x ray
radiopaque
these structures are less dense,have lower atomic weight and appear ________ or dark gray or black on a x ray
radiolucent
is produced when high speed electrons are stopped or slowed down
general/bremsstrahlung
a minimum of _________ volts of force is required to dislodge a K electron from an atom
69,000
No interaction accounts for what percentage of x rays passing through tissue
9 %
coherent scattering accounts for what percentage ?
8 %
photoelectric effect accounts for what percentage
30%
compton effect accounts for what percentage?
60%
A ______ is a unit of electrical charge
coulomb
dental and medical x rays make up approximately ____% of the total radiation
5
nuclear medicine account for _____% of total radiation
48
background radiation ingestion accounts for ____% of total radiation
50