Chapter 2 Flashcards
what is ionization?
the formation of ion pairs
particulate radiation
alpha and beta particles
ionizing types
x-rays
gamma rays
cosmic rays
photons
bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light
4 properties of energies of the electromagnetic spectrum
travel at the speed of light
have no electrical charge
have no mass or weight
pass through space as particles and in wavelike motion
wavelength
distance between two similar points on two successive waves
frequency
measure of number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time
velocity
refers to speed of the wave
5 properties of x-rays
are invisible travel in straight lines travel at speed of light have no mass or weight have no charge
tungsten
target metal in production of x-rays
4 interactions to occur when a beam of x-rays pass through matter are:
no interaction
coherent scattering
photoelectric effect
compton effect
coherent scattering:
when a low energy x-ray passes near an atom’s outer electron
photoelectric effect
all or nothing energy loss
compton effect
causes x-rays to be scattered in all directions
background radiation
ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment
background radiation originates from what sources?
cosmic radiation from outer space (stars & sun)
terrestrial radiation from earth (uranium)
background radiation from radionuclides
electromagnetic radiation
movement of wavelike energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields
amount of binding energy in a K shell
69,000 volts
angstrom units
1 angstrom (symbol is A w/ small circle above) is about 1/250,000,000 inches or 1/100,000,000cm
bremsstrahlung radiation
German for braking
the majority of x-rays produced by dental x-ray machines are formed by
general/bremsstrahlung radiation
a coulomb is
a unit of electrical charge
