Chapter 2

Question 1

what is ionization?

Answer 1

the formation of ion pairs

Question 2

particulate radiation

Answer 2

alpha and beta particles

Question 3

ionizing types

Answer 3

x-rays
gamma rays
cosmic rays

Question 4

photons

Answer 4

bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light

Question 5

4 properties of energies of the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 5

travel at the speed of light
have no electrical charge
have no mass or weight
pass through space as particles and in wavelike motion

Question 6

wavelength

Answer 6

distance between two similar points on two successive waves

Question 7

frequency

Answer 7

measure of number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time

Question 8

velocity

Answer 8

refers to speed of the wave

Question 9

5 properties of x-rays

Answer 9

are invisible
travel in straight lines
travel at speed of light
have no mass or weight
have no charge

Question 10

tungsten

Answer 10

target metal in production of x-rays

Question 11

4 interactions to occur when a beam of x-rays pass through matter are:

Answer 11

no interaction
coherent scattering
photoelectric effect
compton effect

Question 12

coherent scattering:

Answer 12

when a low energy x-ray passes near an atom’s outer electron

Question 13

photoelectric effect

Answer 13

all or nothing energy loss

Question 14

compton effect

Answer 14

causes x-rays to be scattered in all directions

Question 15

background radiation

Answer 15

ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment

Question 16

background radiation originates from what sources?

Answer 16

cosmic radiation from outer space (stars & sun)
terrestrial radiation from earth (uranium)
background radiation from radionuclides

Question 17

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 17

movement of wavelike energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields

Question 18

amount of binding energy in a K shell

Answer 18

69,000 volts

Question 19

angstrom units

Answer 19

1 angstrom (symbol is A w/ small circle above) is about 1/250,000,000 inches or 1/100,000,000cm

Question 20

bremsstrahlung radiation

Answer 20

German for braking

Question 21

the majority of x-rays produced by dental x-ray machines are formed by

Answer 21

general/bremsstrahlung radiation

Question 22

a coulomb is

Answer 22

a unit of electrical charge