Final SG Flashcards
foreshortening
excessive (too much) vertical angulation
how incorrect film packet placement happens
operator placed bite block at least 1cm above occlusal surface of mandibular teeth
how to correct incorrect film packet placement
instrument and image receptor may be angled and tongue gently displaced to allow bite block to rest against teeth of interest before patient closes
also can place cotton roll on opposite surface.
bending of upper edge of film against palate
most of the distortion will be localized to bend area
elongation because of
improper vertical angulation
a carious lesion has
jagged margins
a composite has
a definite cut
erupting teeth
primary teeth undergoing external resorption due to eruptive force of permanent teeth
external resorption starts
from outside in
mylohyoid ridge/line is
posterior extension of mental ridge
lingual nerve transverse
lingual foramen
submandibular fossa houses
submandibular salivary gland
alveolar crest typically appears _____ below cementoenamel junction
1.5 to 2mm
PDL space appears as
a thing radiolucent line around root of tooth
incorrect horizontal angulation results in
overlapped contact areas
no apices are seen
improper placement of film packet
improper placement
a dropped corner is seen when edge of receptor is not placed parallel to incisal or occlusal surfaces of teeth
if vertical angulation is _______, image of tooth on receptor is shorter than actual tooth; images are foreshortened
too steep (excessive)
if vertical angulation is too steep (excessive)
the image of the tooth on receptor is shorter than actual tooth; images are foreshortened
how to correct if image is foreshortened
increase vertical angulation
if vertical angulation is ______, the image of tooth on receptor is longer than actual tooth; images are elongated
too flat (insufficient)
if vertical angulation is too flat (insufficient)
the image of tooth on receptor is longer than actual tooth; images are elongated
how to correct if image is elongated
decrease vertical angulation
a cone cut is seen when the position indicating device (PID)
is not properly aligned with periapical beam alignment device
a cone cut is seen as
a curved unexposed (clear) area on radiograph
overlapped interproximal contacts result from
incorrect horizontal angulation
incorrect vertical angulation causes images
to appear distorted
vertical BW angulation
+10 degrees
horizontal BW angulation
+20 to 30 degrees
what makes rampant caries
greater than 3 areas in mouth
cone cut is seen when PID
is not properly aligned with bitewing beam alignment device
bent film results in
distorted or elongated image
bent film appearance
images appear stretched and distorted
bent film cause
film bent excessively b/c of curvature of patient’s hard palate. As result, stretched and distorted images seen on radiograph
bent film correction
check film placement before exposure
if film bent b/c of curvature of hard palate, cotton rolls can be used with paralleling technique or bisecting technique
film crease is seen as
a thin radiolucent line on radiograph
film crease cause
film creased and emulsion cracked
to correct film creasing
do not bend or crease film excessively. instead, gently soften corners of film before placing in patient’s mouth
double exposure cause
same receptor exposed twice in patient’s mouth.
result of double exposure
double image seen on radiograph
correction of double exposure
always separate exposed and unexposed receptors. once receptor has been exposed, place in designated area
movement results in
a blurred image
movement appearance
blurred images seen on radiograph
movement cause
either tubehead or patient moved during exposure of receptor
movement correction
stabilize tubehead and patient’s head before exposing receptor. instruct patient to remain still but don’t say “don’t move”
reversed film causes image
that appears light with a herringbone pattern
too much vertical angulation results in images that are
foreshortened
too little vertical angulation results in images that are
elongated
incorrect horizontal angulation results in images that are
overlapped
what errors can occur with bitewing technique
elongation
overlapped contacts
cone cut
what errors can occur with bisecting technique
elongation
overlapped contacts
cone cut
phalangioma
hole or opening in bone
canal
broad, shallow depression in bone
foramen
cavity, recess, or hollow space in bone
fossa
passageweay through bone
sinus
spongelike bone
cancellous
cancellous is also known as
trebeculae
bony partition that separates two spaces
septum
immovebale joint between bones
suture
hard or compact bone
cortical
root canal treatments are filled with
gutta percha
Cervical burnout
Radiolucency on both sides of cervical region
CEJ
enamel forms first, then cementum meets enamel
cementum overlaps enamel
alveolar bone proper
lamina dura radiographically
lines the tooth socket
what makes inverted y
when border of nasal fossa and border of maxillary sinus meet
coronoid process is visible
in maxillary molar PA
lingual foramen is
apical to 24&25
