Radio 2 Flashcards by steph Coote

What is the location of the psoas fat pad?

Medial to iliacus muscle and femoral neck

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What position is the leg in when a frog leg view is taken?

Lateral

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What is phleboliths, were are they found

No clinical significance.

Small venous stones found in pelvic basin

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What is kohelers teardrop and what is its significance

A confluence of osseous structures.
Sclerotic interior which suggest pathology
Ilioishial line 
inferior Acetabular notch 
Medial acetabular wall

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We’re is an Os acetabulum found?

Adjacent to the lateral margins of the acetabulum

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What are paraglenoid sulci and what gender are they most exclusively seen

Grooves or notches in the inferior ilia immediately adjacent to the SI joints
Female

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What shouldn’t an acetabular roof be confused with?

Degenerative sclerosis

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What is an APLC and what is it used for viewing?

AP of lower cervical C3-C7

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What is an APOM view and what does it visualise

APopen mouse (C1-C2)

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What is lateral cervical view used for viewing

Sagitall anatomy C7 and sella turcia

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What is the fuchs view for? And how is it different from AP open mouth

Evaluates dens and atlas if patient can’t open their mouth

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What is pillar view used for? Is it done bilaterally or unilaterally

Evaluate articular pillas for fractures. Done bilaterally to be compared

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What are periodontal interspaces seen

AP open mouth and lateral aspect of dens and lateral masses of C1

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What is spina bifida occulta and what’s it called when it is seen at C1

Failure of union of lamina to spinous process. Or cleft in the spinous process
If at C1, it’s called cleft posterior arch

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What is the ossification of the atlanto-occipital membrane

Posterior ponticle forms accurate foramina and vertebral artery

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What is the failure of union of the secondary centre at the tip of the odontoid

Ossiculum terminale

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We’re is an ununited apophysis most likely to be seen in the cervical region

C7 sP

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What can a congenital block vertebrae predispose the patient to and what syndrome is it assosiated with

Instability and degenerative joint disease. Assosiated with dysplasia.

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What is occipitalization

Failure of segmention between occiput and C1

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What level are cervical ribs most likely to occur in and what have their being found to be assosiated with

C7, and thoracic outlet syndrome

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What is calcified thyroid cartilage sometimes mistaken for vertebral artery calcification?

Because its unable to be seen on plane film and appears as a tube like structure running obliquely across the articular pillars

What must an AP thoracic film include in terms of vertebrae

T1 through to T12 and filtration is a must

Can you distinguish right and left inter vertebral foramens in the lateral view

Yes

What is swimmers view used to evaluate

Unubscured view of the upper thoracic spine

What are special features. Of the thoracic spine

Circle vertebral foremen and heart Shaped vertebral body with articulation with ribs

What few are facet joint and articular pillars seen on

Lateral

The paraspinal line is a line between what 2 areas

Lungs and para vertebral soft tissue

What are 2 sclerotic lines located in the middle of the vertebral body called? And what age groups are they most likely seen in

Hauns fissures and infants and young children

What level is spina bifida occulta seen in the thoracic spine?

T1-t2 and T11-T12

If a chondrification centre fails to form this results in?

Lateral hemivertebrae

If a posterior ossification centre fails to form

Ventral hemivertebrae

If an anterior oss centre fails to form it results in

Dorsal hemivertebrae

What can a hemivertebrae result in?

Structural scoliosis

What is PA and AP lumbosacral spot view used to evaluate

-SI joints -L5-S1 -

What is a lateral lumbosacral spot view used to visualise

L5-S1 intervertebral disks

What is the weakest portion of the posterior arch most prone to fracture

A: pars interarticularis

Scotty dog is used to understand what view

Oblique

Spina bifida occulta is most commonly seen at what level in lumbosacral region

L5-S1

What is the most overcalled diagnosis is radiology

Facet tropism

What are the nuclear end plate impressions? Where do they occur and what are they usually mistake for?

Long and smooth indentations of the end plate due to persistence of notochord reminence, most common in lumbark don't mistake for schmorls node

What is knife clasp deformity?

Spina bifida occulta at S1 tubercle attaches to L5 Spinous process making

What is a butterfly vertebra and what is it often mistaken for

A variation of heme vertebrae, lateral bodies from but don't unite due to the persistence of notochord and nucleus extends through the body,

In years indicate the age of initial ossification for the growth centres of the wrist

- radius is primary present at birth - secondary for the radius appears first year and unites 14-17 Ulnar primary present at birt - secondary appears 4th-5th - unites 14-17 - styloid process may form from its own centre Carpals: Primary- all form from single ossification centres Capitate is first in 1st year Followed by the hamate, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid all in that order Pisiform forms at 10 years

Elbow

``` Lateral malleolus at 10yr s Medial malleolus at 4 Trochlear appears at 8 Capitulum appears at 2 Olecranon at 9 Radius head 5 ```

Discuss the eitoloogy and clinical significance of a lateral hemivertebrae

Chondrification centre fails to form | Causes Structural scoliosis

Indicate the clinical significance of the following normal variants/ Anomilies A) hyper plastic TP at C7 B) so Trigonum C) fabella D) ununited secondary growth centre at C7 spinous

A) hyper plastic TP at C7- no clinical significance B) os Trigonum- may have assosiated symptoms, posterior ankle impingement syndrome C) fabella- minor clinical significance- may cause pain D) ununited secondary growth centre at C7 spinous

Which of the following structures may occasionally mimic a psthological process

Teltoid tubercle

Identify the normal variant/ anomaly on the lateral elbow a 2cm bony process

Supra condylar process

Congenital block vertebra will demonstrate a rudimentary disc, and wasp waist deformity true/ false

True

How many secondary growths centres are present at L5 (assuming centre are present at the articular processes)?

Body - 2 lateral chondrification centres - arch -2 lateral chondo centres Neurocentral synchondrosis 1 So 5 brutha NOW SECONDARY body and ring - 2 Go with 3

Which imaging modality demonstrates the best details of the soft tissue anatomy of the spinal canal?