Radio 2 Flashcards
What is the location of the psoas fat pad?
Medial to iliacus muscle and femoral neck
What position is the leg in when a frog leg view is taken?
Lateral
What is phleboliths, were are they found
No clinical significance.
Small venous stones found in pelvic basin
What is kohelers teardrop and what is its significance
A confluence of osseous structures. Sclerotic interior which suggest pathology Ilioishial line inferior Acetabular notch Medial acetabular wall
We’re is an Os acetabulum found?
Adjacent to the lateral margins of the acetabulum
What are paraglenoid sulci and what gender are they most exclusively seen
Grooves or notches in the inferior ilia immediately adjacent to the SI joints
Female
What shouldn’t an acetabular roof be confused with?
Degenerative sclerosis
What is an APLC and what is it used for viewing?
AP of lower cervical C3-C7
What is an APOM view and what does it visualise
APopen mouse (C1-C2)
What is lateral cervical view used for viewing
Sagitall anatomy C7 and sella turcia
What is the fuchs view for? And how is it different from AP open mouth
Evaluates dens and atlas if patient can’t open their mouth
What is pillar view used for? Is it done bilaterally or unilaterally
Evaluate articular pillas for fractures. Done bilaterally to be compared
What are periodontal interspaces seen
AP open mouth and lateral aspect of dens and lateral masses of C1
What is spina bifida occulta and what’s it called when it is seen at C1
Failure of union of lamina to spinous process. Or cleft in the spinous process
If at C1, it’s called cleft posterior arch
What is the ossification of the atlanto-occipital membrane
Posterior ponticle forms accurate foramina and vertebral artery
What is the failure of union of the secondary centre at the tip of the odontoid
Ossiculum terminale
We’re is an ununited apophysis most likely to be seen in the cervical region
C7 sP
What can a congenital block vertebrae predispose the patient to and what syndrome is it assosiated with
Instability and degenerative joint disease. Assosiated with dysplasia.
What is occipitalization
Failure of segmention between occiput and C1
What level are cervical ribs most likely to occur in and what have their being found to be assosiated with
C7, and thoracic outlet syndrome
What is calcified thyroid cartilage sometimes mistaken for vertebral artery calcification?
Because its unable to be seen on plane film and appears as a tube like structure running obliquely across the articular pillars
What must an AP thoracic film include in terms of vertebrae
T1 through to T12 and filtration is a must
Can you distinguish right and left inter vertebral foramens in the lateral view
Yes
What is swimmers view used to evaluate
Unubscured view of the upper thoracic spine
What are special features. Of the thoracic spine
Circle vertebral foremen and heart Shaped vertebral body with articulation with ribs
What few are facet joint and articular pillars seen on
Lateral
The paraspinal line is a line between what 2 areas
Lungs and para vertebral soft tissue
What are 2 sclerotic lines located in the middle of the vertebral body called? And what age groups are they most likely seen in
Hauns fissures and infants and young children
What level is spina bifida occulta seen in the thoracic spine?
T1-t2 and T11-T12
If a chondrification centre fails to form this results in?
Lateral hemivertebrae
If a posterior ossification centre fails to form
Ventral hemivertebrae
If an anterior oss centre fails to form it results in
Dorsal hemivertebrae
What can a hemivertebrae result in?
Structural scoliosis
What is PA and AP lumbosacral spot view used to evaluate
-SI joints
-L5-S1
-
What is a lateral lumbosacral spot view used to visualise
L5-S1 intervertebral disks
What is the weakest portion of the posterior arch most prone to fracture
A: pars interarticularis
Scotty dog is used to understand what view
Oblique
Spina bifida occulta is most commonly seen at what level in lumbosacral region
L5-S1
What is the most overcalled diagnosis is radiology
Facet tropism
What are the nuclear end plate impressions? Where do they occur and what are they usually mistake for?
Long and smooth indentations of the end plate due to persistence of notochord reminence, most common in lumbark don’t mistake for schmorls node
What is knife clasp deformity?
Spina bifida occulta at S1 tubercle attaches to L5 Spinous process making
What is a butterfly vertebra and what is it often mistaken for
A variation of heme vertebrae, lateral bodies from but don’t unite due to the persistence of notochord and nucleus extends through the body,
In years indicate the age of initial ossification for the growth centres of the wrist
- radius is primary present at birth
- secondary for the radius appears first year and unites 14-17
Ulnar primary present at birt
- secondary appears 4th-5th
- unites 14-17
- styloid process may form from its own centre
Carpals:
Primary- all form from single ossification centres
Capitate is first in 1st year
Followed by the hamate, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid all in that order
Pisiform forms at 10 years
Elbow
Lateral malleolus at 10yr s Medial malleolus at 4 Trochlear appears at 8 Capitulum appears at 2 Olecranon at 9 Radius head 5
Discuss the eitoloogy and clinical significance of a lateral hemivertebrae
Chondrification centre fails to form
Causes Structural scoliosis
Indicate the clinical significance of the following normal variants/ Anomilies
A) hyper plastic TP at C7
B) so Trigonum
C) fabella
D) ununited secondary growth centre at C7 spinous
A) hyper plastic TP at C7- no clinical significance
B) os Trigonum- may have assosiated symptoms, posterior ankle impingement syndrome
C) fabella- minor clinical significance- may cause pain
D) ununited secondary growth centre at C7 spinous
Which of the following structures may occasionally mimic a psthological process
Teltoid tubercle
Identify the normal variant/ anomaly on the lateral elbow a 2cm bony process
Supra condylar process
Congenital block vertebra will demonstrate a rudimentary disc, and wasp waist deformity true/ false
True
How many secondary growths centres are present at L5 (assuming centre are present at the articular processes)?
Body
- 2 lateral chondrification centres
- arch -2 lateral chondo centres
Neurocentral synchondrosis
1
So 5 brutha
NOW SECONDARY
body and ring - 2
Go with 3
Which imaging modality demonstrates the best details of the soft tissue anatomy of the spinal canal?
H
