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CHI 282: Human Anatomy 2 > Lecture 16: Arm And Shoulder > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Arm And Shoulder Flashcards

0
Q

Label that anterior compartment of the arm
What action do they cause mostly? Secondarily?
What’s their innervation?
What’s their blood supply?
14

A

Muscles are primarily flexors of forearm at elbow

  • Secondarily flexors of arm at shoulder (biceps brachii & coracobrachialis)
  • Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
  • Blood supply by brachial artery
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1
Q

Label the superficial veins in the anterior arm slide 4

And be able to label all the slides of the humerus from slides 6-12

A

H

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2
Q

Label the cadaver picture on slide 16

A

Hu

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3
Q

Biceps brachii
Origin, insertion etc
Tell me something important about the tendon of the bicep brachii
18

A

Proximal attachment: Short head: apex of coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Distal attachment: Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Action: Supinates flexed forearm; flexes forearm at elbow

The tendon of biceps brachii (esp. long head) has the highest rate of spontaneous rupture of any tendon in the body!

> 40 years (= degeneration)

+ rotator cuff injuries

Repetitive lifting

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4
Q

Tell me about the brachialis

19

A

Proximal attachment: Distal half of anterior humerus

Distal attachment: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow in all positions

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5
Q

Cobracobrachialis

20

A

Proximal attachment: Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Distal attachment: Middle third of medial surface of humerus

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Action: Helps to flex and adduct arm at shoulder

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6
Q 
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
What's their main action? 
What's their blood supply? 
What's their innervation? 
Slide 22
A
  • Primarily extensors of the forearm at elbow.
  • Blood supply from deep artery of arm (profunda brachii).
  • Innervated by radial nerve.
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7
Q

Label the poster compartment slide 24
Triceps brachii slide 25
Then medial head on 26

A

Proximal attachment Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula [most medial] Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Distal attachment Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Innervation Radial nerve
Action Extends forearm at elbow; is chief extensor of elbow

Medial head:
Proximal attachment Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Distal attachment Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Innervation Radial nerve
Action Extends forearm at elbow; is chief extensor of elbow

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8
Q

Anconeus muscle

27

A

Proximal attachment Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal attachment Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Innervation Radial nerve

Action Assists triceps in extending elbow; abducts ulna during pronation

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9
Q

Describe the blood supply of the upper limb

Slide 28 39

A

Brachial artery supplies anterior arm muscles

Deep brachial artery (profunda brachii) supplies posterior arm muscles

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10
Q

Label slides 30, 31,32

A

Neurovascular bundle, veins etc

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11
Q

Nervous supply of the arm muscles slide 33, 35 and 36

Has dermatomes too

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord of brachial plexus)
 Biceps brachii
 Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Radial nerve (posterior cord of brachial plexus)
 Triceps brachii
Anconeus
 Posterior forearm

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12
Q

Bones of arm & shoulder comprised of:

A

Bones of arm & shoulder comprised of:
Pectoral girdle = -> Clavicle -> Scapula
+ Humerus

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13
Q

Label slides of clavicle and scapula on slides 38-42

A

Do it

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14
Q

What are the joints of the pectoral girdle?

Slide 44

A

Acromioclavicular joint
• Glenohumeral joint
• Sternoclavicular joint

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15
Q

Acromioclavicular joint slide 45, 47
Type of joint
Type of movement permitted
And types of movement permitted of the scapula slide 46

A

Synovial plane joint.
• Allows gliding movement as arm is raised and scapula rotates.
• Includes:
• Acromioclavicular joint capsule & ligament
• Coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid ligaments)

16
Q

Describe the glenohumeral joint

What are the functional implications of it’s structure?
Slide 48

A

Don’t know frand will have to find out

17
Q

Label the shoulder on slide 49

A

H

18
Q 
Glenohumeral joint 
Type of joint? 
Stabilised by? 
What movements does it permit 
Also label the ligaments of the joint on slide 51 and bones on slide 52 and 53
A

Multi-axial synovial ball and socket joint

  • shallow articulation
  • most common dislocation joint (95% are anterior
  • stabilised by rotator cuff muscles
  • permits flexion, extension, abduction, addiction, protraction, retraction, circumduction
19
Q 
Sternoclavicular joint: 
Type of joint 
Movement aloud 
Ligaments between and their action 
Label the ligaments and everything involved slides 55, 56, 57
A

Saddle-type synovial joint with articular disc
Saddle-type synovial joint with articular disc

Surrounded by a capsule that allows elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, circumduction

Anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments between clavicle and manubrium

Interclavicular ligament connects the two sternoclavicular joints.

Costoclavicular ligament anchors clavicle to first rib.
Saddle-type synovial joint

Articulation between sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

Only joint between the superior appendicular and axial skeleton…….

20
Q

Tell me about the bursae in the shoulder
It’s function and name them
Slide 58

A

Cushion the joint from overlying muscles, tendons and bones

Subacromial, subdeltoid, subscapular bursae

21
Q

List the 15 shoulder muscles

Label slide 60

A

• Deltoid

• Rotator cuff: 
• Supraspinatus 
• Infraspinatus 
• Teres minor 
• Subscapularis 
• Teres major 
• Pectoralis minor & major 
• Serratus anterior 
• Subclavius 
• Trapezius 
• Latissimus dorsi 
• Levator scapulae 
• Rhomboid minor & major 
Superficial back muscles, deltoid and teres major muscles, rotator cuff muscles and superficial pectoral muscles.
22
Q

Deltoid muscle

61

A

Proximal attachment: Inferior edge of scapula spine, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border lateral 1/3 clavicle

Distal attachment: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Major abductor of arm; (6) clavicular fibers assist in flexing arm; (2) posterior fibers assist in extending arm.

Innervation: Axillary nerve [C5, C6]

23
Q

Pectoralis major

Slide 62

A

Proximal attachment: Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

Distal attachment: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Adduct and medially rotates humerus

Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves Clavicular head (C5, C6) Sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

24
Q

Pectoralis minor muscle

Slide 63

A

Proximal attachment:
3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages

Distal attachment:
Coracoid process of scapula (medial border and superior surface)

Action:
Stabilises scapula by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly against thoracic wall.
Innervation:
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

25
Q

Subclavius muscle

Slide 64

A

Proximal attachment: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Distal attachment: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Action: Anchors & depresses clavicle
Innervation: Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

26
Q

Serratus anterior

Slide 65

A

Proximal attachment: External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8

Distal attachment: Anterior (costal) surface of medial border of scapula

Action: Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Paralysis causing “winged scapula”

“C5,6,7 raises your arms to heaven!”

27
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

And be able the label the posterior and anterior scapulohumeral muscles on slides 67 and 68

A

Slide 66

28
Q

Supraspinous muscle

Slide

A

Proximal attachment:

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Distal attachment:

Superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Action:

Helps deltoid abduct arm at shoulder & acts with rotator cuff muscles

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

29
Q

Infraspinous muscle

A

Proximal attachment:

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Distal attachment:

Middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Action:

Laterally rorates arm at shoulder; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

30
Q

Terres minor muscle

71

A

Proximal attachment:

  • Lateral border of scapula
  • Distal attachment:
  • Inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
  • Action:
  • Laterally rotates arm at shoulder; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
31
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A

Proximal attachment:

Subscapular fossa of scapula

Distal attachment:

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action:

Medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

32
Q

Tell me some sick shit about rotator cuff injuries

A

Wear & tear.

  • Degeneration of subacromial bursa => degeneration of underlying supraspinatus muscle.
  • Tearing of supraspinatus tendon.
  • Difficulty in initiating _______________ (movement).
33
Q

Teres major muscle

74 and 75 and label 76 and 77 and 78

A

Proximal attachment: Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Distal attachment: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: Adducts arm and medially rotates shoulder

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

34
Q

Muscles acting on the forearm at the elbow joint

A

Slides 79 and 80

35
Q

Review questions
1. Which arm muscle flexes at the elbow and is a

powerful supinator?

  1. Anterior arm muscles are supplied by which

nerve and artery?

  1. The musculocutaneous nerve lies on the anterior

surface of which muscle?

  1. Posterior (extensor) muscles are supplied by

which nerve and artery?

  1. Which dermatome overlies the point of the elbow
    (olecranon) ?
A
  1. Which arm muscle flexes at the elbow and is a
    powerful supinator?
  2. Anterior arm muscles are supplied by which
    nerve and artery?
  3. The musculocutaneous nerve lies on the anterior
    surface of which muscle?
  4. Posterior (extensor) muscles are supplied by
    which nerve and artery?
  5. Which dermatome overlies the point of the elbow
    (olecranon)?
    Oh dear

CHI 282: Human Anatomy 2 (19 decks)

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