Radio 1 Flashcards
most commonly radigraphed aprt of the body in the ER
cervical spine
t/f precautionary radiogaphs are not justified
true. trauma but no neuro deficits, likely no fracture
lines in the cerival spine
1: alignment of tissues
2: alignment of ant border of cervical vertebral bodies
3: alignment of post border of cervical vertebral bodies
4: connecting junction of lamina at spinous process (spinolaminar line – posterior central canal and spinal cord)
acceptable distance between ant arch of c and odontoid process of c2
2.5 cm
> 2.5 cm = subluxation
what is a jefferson fracture
- from blow on top of head
- splitting of c1 ring (> 1 location)
- need ct
what is hangmans fracture
- from hyperextension and distraction
- fracture of post parts of c2 with displacement ant to c3
what is clay shoveler’s fracture
- fracture of c6 and c7 spinous process
- avulsion fracture of spinous process by supraspinous ligament
what is flexion teardrop fracture
- compression of vertebral body with subluxation and disruption of the posterior ligaments
- assoc w spinal cord injury
what is the seatbelt fracture!!
- hyperflexion at the level of the waist
- compression fracture of vertebral body
- chance fracture: line extends through the posterior elements
t/f >30% decrease in anterior height of vertebral body is considered a wedging deformity
true
what is spondylolysis
- break in pars interarticularis (collar/neck of scotty dog)
what is spondylolysthesis
- movement/displacement of one vertebral body relative to another (!ant!)
- bilateral spondylolysis
- pseudospondylolysis
what is bennett’s fracture
less complicated fracture of base of thumb involving articular surfacae
what is rolando’s fracture
- more severe and comminuted
- extends beyond articular surface
- reqs surgery
what is mallet finger
- avulsion injury at dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx
- tx: internal fixation
what is gamekeeper’s thumb
- avulsion injury of the ulnar collateral ligament at ulnar side of first mcp joint
- tx: internal fixation
what is lunate-perilunate dislocation
- lunate: only lunate dislocated
- perilunate: only lunate bone is aligned, others are posteriorly displaced
- fall on outstretched arm
most common carpal fracture
scaphoid fracture
- fall on outstretched hand
- avascular necrosis
plastic bowing deformity
- only in children
- force causes bending instead of fracture
- untreated = reduced supination and pronation
what is colles fracture
- fall on outstretched hand
- fracture distal radius with dorsal angulation
what is smith fracture
- fracture of distal radius with volar angulation
what is monteggia fracture
- ulnar fracture with dislocation of radial head
what is galleazi fracture
- fracture of radius with dislocation of distal ulna
most common sign of elbow fractures
posterior fat pad sign
common part of elbow fracture adult vs pedia
adult: radial head
pedia: supracondylar area
what is anterior shoulder dislocation
- humeral head is displaced medially and inferiorly
- hill sach’s deformity: indentation in posterior portion of humeral head
- bankart deformity: irregularity or fragment of the anterior portion of inferior glenoid fossa
- need ct or mri
what is posterior shoulder dislocation
- absence of crescent sign on shoulder ap
- !!cause: seizure
- bilateral injury
stress fractures in sacrum
- insufficiency fractures
- pt is osteoporotic or radiation therapy = weak bone
- plain xray -> bone scan, scintigraphy, mri
what is hip dislocation
- ball of hip joint is pushed outside socket
- auto collisions or high impact fall
- look for other rim fractures
types of femoral neck fractures
- subcapital: beneath or along transition of femoral neck and femoral head, can cause avascular necrosis
- transcervical: along femoral neck
- intertrochanteric!!
- subtrochanteric: 5 cm below lesser trochanter
what is lisfranc fracture dislocation
- space between first and second metatarsal bones
- misalignment with middle cuneiform
- check alignment of cuneiform bone with medial border of second metatarsal
