Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

18 ORR > Fractures LE > Flashcards

Fractures LE Flashcards

1
Q

normal gait cycle

A

heel strike - outer heel
foot flat - lateral column
first metatarsal head
heel lift - push off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

swing phase of walking

A
  • 40%
  • hip and knee flexion with ankle dorsiflexion
  • ankle must bend in order to clear the forefoot from hitting ground
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stance phase of walking

A
  • 60%
  • hip and knee extension with ankle plantar flexion
  • knee straight and ankle push down to push off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

t/f the running cycle has the same percentage per phase

A

false, has reverse in terms of percentage. forward recovery (swing phase) is 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fractures that affect alignment

A

long bones

  • femoral shaft fractures
  • supracondylar fractures of the femur
  • tibial plateau fractures
  • tibial shaft fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fractures that affect swing and stance phase

A

joints

  • hip fractures
  • patellar fractures
  • ankle fractures
  • foot fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fractures of the pelvic ring

A
  • lateral compression
  • ap compression
  • vertical shear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mechanism for lateral compression

A
  • force comes from side of pelvis
  • hits iliac wing -> fracture in pubic rami in front or iliac wing itself
    “closed book” injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mechanism for ap compression

A
  • frontal blow or force
  • milder: AP-I separation of symphisis pubis
  • severe: AP II/III sacroiliac joint posteriorly
    “opening up/book” injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most severe, unstable, and disastrous type of pelvic ring fracture

A

vertical shear

- rotatory and vertical mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

important lines in pelvis (radio)

A
  • iliopectineal line: ilium to superior ramus (ant column)
  • ilioischial line: ilium to ischium (post column)
  • ring of acetabulum: curved line on lateral part of xray (ant and post wall)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is judet (oblique) view

A
  • order if asymmetry of pelvis is present
  • iliac (external) view: ant wall and post column
  • obturator (internal) view: post wall and ant column

I-ISA OPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment for pelvic fractures

A
  • reconstruction plate

- open reduction and internal fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment of acetabular fractures

A
  • open reduction and internal fixation using screws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

characteristics of the hip

A
  • multidirectional locomotion

- allows support to and receives weight transference from spine to LE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fractures of the hip

A

femoral neck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

characteristics of femoral neck fracture

A
  • intracapsular

- worse prognosis due to poor healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of poor wound healing in femoral neck fracture

A
  • circulation depends on endosteal blood supply (no periosteum in capsule)
  • presence of synovial fluid will lyse blood of hematoma from fracture
  • precarious blood supply
  • increasing pressure within capsule = tamponade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

treatment for femoral neck fracture

A
  • younger: immediate open reduction with internal fixation

- older: hip replacement

20
Q

levels of femoral fractures

A
  • subcapital = just below head
  • transcervical = goes through neck
  • intertrochanteric = bottom of the neck
  • subtrochanteric = below lesser trochanter
  • greater or lesser trochanter = tiny avulsions
21
Q

characteristics of intertrochanteric fracture

A
  • extracapsular
  • better prognosis
  • blood supply is endosteal and periosteal circulation
22
Q

treatment for intertrochanteric fracture

A
  • internal fixation > hip replacement
23
Q

factors predisposing to poor healing of femoral neck fractures

A
  • precarious blood supply
  • no periosteal layer
  • presence of synovial fluid
24
Q

other treatment considerations for femoral neck fractures

A
  • amount of displacement -> intact blood supply
  • time from injury
  • age of patient (old = osteoporosis)
  • previous level of activity
25
the golden period for doing closed reduction in femoral neck fractures is ___
6 hours from the time of injury
26
what is the femoral shaft
area 5 cm below lesser trochanter to the adductor tubercle anatomical axis: angle created by the direction of the femur and another line drawn in the middle of the tibia
27
what are femoral fractures
- bimodal incidence - high energy trauma in young patients - low energy trauma in older patients
28
type of surgery in femur fractures
intramedullary nailing > OR plating > external fixation
29
timing of surgery for femur fractures
- early stabilization (DCO) | - later stabilization (riskier): increased inflammatory response from second hit phenomenon caused by prolonged surgery
30
dco method of fixation of choice for unstable and borderline patients
- initial: external fixator | - definitive fixation with intramedullary nail within 48 hrs (when stable)
31
t/f only intramedullary nail produces a secondary fracture healing via calluses
false, both intramedullary nail and plating do this
32
intramedullary nail vs plating
- nail = load sharing | - plating = load bearing
33
characteristics of distal femur
- trapezoid - angulated - periarticular - weight bearing
34
functions of distal femur
read
35
valgus (genu valgum) and varus (genu varum) deformities
GUM and RUM - valgus = displacement towards midline - varus = displacement away from midline important to regain anatomic and mechanic axes
36
treatment for distal femur fractures
- plates and screws: < 4 cm from joint line - intramedullary devices: > 4 cm from the joint line - external fixation temporary
37
tibial plateau fracture
- due to low energy trauma with poor bone quality - axial load with valgus - depression of 10 mm or widening of 8 mm: meniscal tear
38
treatment of tibial plateau fractures
- joint restoration and rigid fixation with buttress plating and early range of motion - bone graft and meniscal repair
39
largest sesamoid bone in the bdoy
patella - protects condyles - nourishes cartilage - increases lever arm of the knee
40
mechanisms of injury of patellar fractures
indirect - avulsion injury from eccentric contraction of quadriceps - transverse configuration direct mechanism - contact applied on patella itself - comminuted fracture
41
indications for surgery in patellar fracture
- fracture widening more than 3 mm (retinaculum tears) - articulating step off 3 mm or more - open fractures - no active knee extension
42
what is tension band wiring
- converts tension to compression forces
43
what are bimalleolar fractures
- sustained eversion or inversion injuries (ankle twists) | - positive direct tenderness with difficulty in weight bearing (needs xray)
44
treatment for bimalleolar fractures
- casting if not displaced | - open reduction and internal fixation if displaced
45
t/f the talus has limited blood supply and poor periosteum
- true
46
talar fracture types
- type 1: 15% blood supply lost - type II: 50% bs lost - type III: 90% bs lost - type IV: 100% bs lost read table!!
47
treatment of talar fractures
open reduction and internal fixation asap

18 ORR (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions