Radiation Safety and Protective Measures Flashcards
Is radiation with sufficient energy to produce ions, causes damage to living cells. Damage that may be repaired, that may be permanent, or that may can cause death to the cell.
Ionizing Radiation
What type of source that need for radiation protection includes cosmic radiation, radioactive elements in the earth, radioactive substances
A. Natural environmental or background radiation
B. Human-made radiation
Natural environmental or background radiation
What type of source that need for radiation protection includes fallout from nuclear weapons testing and effluents from nuclear power plants, radioactive materials used in industry, medical and dental x-ray exposure.
A. Natural environmental or background radiation
B. Human-made radiation
Human-made radiation
The use of medical and dental radiographs and radioactive materials to diagnose and treat disease accounts for ______ of the general public’s exposure to human-made radiation.
90%
The possibility of radiation-induced injury was reported shortly after Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in _____
1895.
In ______, the congress of the United States chartered the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) as a non-profit corporation.
1964
This was an attempt to protect consumers from the hazards of radiation-producing electronic products.
The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
The bureau also has a limited control program for radioactive materials that are not covered under the jurisdiction of the ________
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC
In what year roentgen was adopted as the international standard measure of ionization in air.
1938
In 1956, another unit, called the was established to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a medium. A. Roentgen B. RAD C. REM D. Becquerel
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
The unit for measuring the amount of exposure for x-rays and gamma rays A. Roentgen B. RAD C. REM D. Becquerel
Roentgen
The unit for measuring absorbed energy from radiation A. Roentgen B. RAD C. REM D. Becquerel
Rad
The unit for measuring biological effect from radiation A. Roentgen B. RAD C. REM D. Becquerel
Rem
The unit of activity in the SI system; this measure is used in nuclear medicine studies with radionuclides, which are sometimes called radioactive isotopes. A. Roentgen B. RAD C. REM D. Becquerel
Becquerel (Bq)
What measures the amount of activity known as radioactive disintegration
Ci
Quantity: Name: Symbol
(Traditional Unit)
Exposure:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Absorbed dose:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dose Equivalent:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Activity:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Roentgen, R
Rad, Rad
Rem, Rem
Curie, C
Quantity: Name: Symbol
(SI Unit)
Exposure:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Absorbed dose:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dose Equivalent:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Activity:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Coulomb per kilogram, C/kg
Gray, Gy
Sievert, Sv
Becquerel, Bq
True or False
The phrase, as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), is the basis for NCRP establishment of policies and procedures for radiation exposure
True
True or False
The NCRP states: “The primary goal is to keep radiation exposure of the individual well below a level at which adverse effects are likely to be observed during his lifetime. Another objective is to minimize the incidence of genetic effects.” NCRP Report 34
True
This theory asserts that when ionizing radiation interacts directly with the DNA molecule, certain breaks can occur in the “rung” of the DNA “ladder”.
Direct Hit Theory
If two direct hits occur to the same rung of the ladder, a section of the chromosomes is deleted. When the division process of the mitosis occurs, incorrect amounts of genetic material are given to the new daughter cells.
Direct Hit Theory
It is the time between the initial irradiation and the occurrence of any biologic change.
Latent Period
It is a total body response to a large dose received over a short time period and that it is characterized by short term biologic effects. A. Somatic Effects B. Acute Radiation Syndrome' C. Genetic Effects D. Mutation
Acute Radiation Syndrome
It is a long term effect
- occur in general body cells that involve all body functions except sexual reproduction.
- these effects include cancer, cataracts, and life-span shortening.
- birth defects are considered a possible long-term effect of the irradiation of the embryo of a pregnant woman
- defects induced by radiation in the organisms may occur at the genetic, embryonic, or fetal stage.
- Radiation has long been accepted as a carcinogenic (cancer-causing) agent.
A. Somatic Effects
B. Acute Radiation Syndrome’
C. Genetic Effects
D. Mutation
Somatic effects
