Radiation Safety 1 (Workbook)

Question 1

Helium nuclei

Answer 1

Alpha particle

Question 2

Alpha particle charge

Answer 2

+

Question 3

Beta particles are the same as __.

- Charge?

Answer 3

electrons

negative

Question 4

Similar to x-rays, but originate in nucleus rather than outer shell.

Answer 4

Gamma rays

Question 5

Gammy ray charge

Answer 5

no charge

Question 6

Activity formula

Answer 6

A fin = A initial ^-lambda*t

Question 7

Unit for activity

Answer 7

Ci

Question 8

Definition of ___: emission of particles and energy from an atom in attempt to become stable.

Answer 8

Radioactivity

Question 9

Same # of protons, diff # of neutrons

Answer 9

Isotope

Question 10

…..

Answer 10

Isobar

Question 11

Same # of neutrons, diff # protons

Answer 11

Isotone

Question 12

Metastable, everything is the same

Answer 12

Isomer

Question 13

Definition of ___: time it takes for activity to become half of initial activity

Answer 13

Half-life

Question 14

Definition of __: Avg lifetime decay

Answer 14

Mean life

Question 15

4 types of brachy therapy:

Answer 15

Intracavitary
Intraluminal
Intervascular
Interstitital

Question 16

Type of brachy used for cervix, vagina, uterus.

- examples of applicators for cervical tx (2)

Answer 16

Intercavitary

- tandem & ovoid, fletcher suite

Question 17

Type of brachy:
Within a body tube
- examples

Answer 17

Interluminal

- bronchial & esophageal

Question 18

Type of brachy:

Use a catheter/needle to place within tissue (seeds)

Answer 18

Interstitial

Question 19

Permanent brachy seeds sources: (2)

- What is most common source used in prostate tx?

Answer 19

Gold, I-125

- Gold

Question 20

Rd an Ir seeds are temporary or permanent seeds?

Answer 20

Temporary

Question 21

Dose for LDR

Answer 21

< 2Gy/hr

Question 22

Dose for HDR

Answer 22

> 12 Gy/hr

Question 23

I-131 use

Answer 23

thyroid

Question 24

I-125 use: (3)

Answer 24

brain
prostate permanent implant
ocular plaque temporary implant

Question 25

Pd-103 use

Answer 25

prostate permanent implant

Question 26

Cs-137

Answer 26

Cervix | Uterus

Question 27

Strontium-90 and 89 use:

Answer 27

eye

Question 28

Yttrium-90 use: (2)

Answer 28

liver | lymphoma

Question 29

Ir-192 use:

Answer 29

temporary HDR seeds

Question 30

Gold use:

Answer 30

prostate permanent seeds

Question 31

Cathode is neg or pos?

Answer 31

Neg

Question 32

Anode is neg or pos?

Answer 32

Pos

Question 33

Define cathode: | - material made of?

Answer 33

Negatively charged electrode that releases electrons in thermionic emission. - Tungsten

Question 34

What is the anode? | - material made of?

Answer 34

Positively charged electrode (target). | - Tungsten

Question 35

Type of anode we have in linacs?

Answer 35

Rotating anode

Question 36

Do linacs have a klystron or a magnetron?

Answer 36

Klystron

Question 37

Linac energy range?

Answer 37

4MV - 25MV

Question 38

Orthovoltage energy range?

Answer 38

150kV - 500kV

Question 39

Superficial energy range?

Answer 39

50kV - 150kV

Question 40

``` Target interactions (interactions w/matter): Electron slows down near nucleus and changes direction. ```

Answer 40

Bremsstrahlung

Question 41

``` Target interactions (interactions w/matter): Electron interacts with inner shell electron, causing electron to be ejected. Outer shell then fills vacancy. ```

Answer 41

Characteristic

Question 42

``` Target interactions (interactions w/matter): Only interaction occurring in MV range, but also occurs in kV range. ```

Answer 42

Bremsstrahlung

Question 43

``` Target interactions (interactions w/matter): Occurs only in diagnostic ranges ```

Answer 43

Characteristic

Question 44

Velocity of a photon:

Answer 44

3.8 x 10^8 m/s

Question 45

Coherent Scattering... p.23

Answer 45

....