Radiation Protection Regulations Flashcards
unit of absorbed dose
Gy
balance of the pregnancy
period from moment licensee is informed in writing of pregancy, to end of pregnancy
caregiver
person who volunteers to help patient, not as occupation
committed
dose of radiation received by an organ or tissue during the 50 years after the substance is taken into person > 18 or during period starting at intake until person is 70 for person < 18
effective dose
Sv
multiply equivalent dose of radiation by weighting factor in column 2 of schedule 1
equivalent dose
Sv
multiply absorbed dose by weighting factor in column 2 of schedule 2
5-year dosimetry period
period of five calendar years beginning on January 1 of the year following
the year in which these Regulations come into force, and
every period of five calendar years after that period
1-year dosimetry period
period of one calendar year beginning on January 1 of the year following
the year in which these Regulations come into force, and
every period of one calendar year after that period
radon progeny
radioactive decay products of radon 222
skin
layer of cells within skin that are 7 mg/cm2 below surface
dosimetry service
facility that is licensed by commission to measure and monitor radiation doses
where do the regulations not apply?
- person receiving radiation for medical purposes
- person voluntarily participating in biomed research
- person acting as caregiver
what must medical personnel inform patient of wrt nuc substance administered for therapy?
how to reduce exposre to others, caregivers
ALARA, taking into accoiunt social and economic factors, policies that can be implemented
- management and control over work practices
- personnel qualification and training
- control of occupational and public exposure to radiation
- planning for unusual situations
ascertaining and recording of doses
-every licensee must ascertain and record the magnitude of exposure to radon progeny of each person and effective dose and equivalent dose received by and committed to that person
action level
specific dose or radiation that if reached, may indicate the failure of a radiation protection program, and may trigger specific action
what does licensee have to do if action level is reached?
- investigate cause
- restore effectiveness of radiation protection program
- notify commission within period specified in license
what must licensee inform each nuclear energy worker, in writing?
- that they are NEW
- risks associated with radiation that they may be exposed to
- applicable effective dose limits and equivalent dose limits
- worker’s radiation dose levels, annual
- worker’s responsibilities during emergency and risks of exposure during control of emergency
what must licensee inform each female NEW of?
- risks to embryo and fetuses to radiation and risks to breas-fed infants from intake of nucs
- importance of informing licensee ASAP of pregnancy or breast-feeding
- rights of pregnant NEW
- effective dose limits for pregnant NEWs
what does licensee need back from NEW once NEW is informed?
written acknowledgement that worker received the info
What NEWs must wear dosimeters?
NEWs who are probably to receive:
- effective dose > 5 mSv in 1 year
- equivalent dose to skin, or hands and feet, > 50 mSv
what must licensee provide to licensed dosimetry service wrt each NEW?
-worker’s name, SIN, gender, job category, date, country, and province of birth
duty of licensee when NEW is pregnant
-make any accomodation that will not result in costs or business icovenience constituting undue hardship to the licensee
NEW effective dose limit
50 mSv in one year
100 mSv in 5 years
pregnant NEW: 4 mSv over balance of pregnancy
non NEW: 1 mSv per year
NEW equivalent dose limit
eye lens: 50 mSv/yr
skin: 500 mSv/year
hands and feet: 500 mSv/yr
non NEW equivalent dose limit
eye lens: 15 mSv/yr
Skin: 50 mSv/yr
hands and feet: 50 mSv/yr
what is equivalent dose to skin when skin is unevenly irradiated?
average equivalent dose over 1 cm2 area that received highest equivalent dose
do the effective and equivalent dose limits apply to someone participating in an emergency?
No
limits for someone who is participating in emergency but not taking emergency action
effective dose must be , 50 mSv
equivalent dose must be < 500 mSv to skin
unless person is taking emergency action
emergency action dose limits
- actions that are to minimize dose consequences for members of public, due to release of nuc: 100 mSv effective, 1000 mSv equivalent to skin
- actions to prevent effects that are fatal, life-threatening or yield permanent injury: 500 mSv effective dose, 5000 mSv equivalent to skin
- actions to prevent development of conditions that could significantly affect people or environment: 500 mSv effective dose, 5000 mSv equivalent to skin
if multiple issues addresses, then 500 and 5000 are total limits
pregnant woman cannot be asked to participate in control of emergency
dose limits may be exceeded by a person who acts voluntarily to save human life
what does licensee do if a dose limit was exceeded in an emergency?
notify person and commission immediately
what does licensee do if dose limit exceeded (in general, not just emergency)
- immediately notify person and commission
- require person to leave work that is likely to add to the dose if the person exceeded their limit
- investigate what happened
- take actions to prevent recurence
- report results and preogress to commission within 21 days
-commission can authorize the return to work of the individual, under certain conditions to protect them
what must be on application to operate a dosimetry service?
- description of operation
- management system
- types of dosimetry services
- precision,accuracy, and reliability of dosimetry
- qualification and training program for workers
what department keeps track of dose received by workers?
National Dose Registry of Department of Health
labelling required on radiation container or device?
- radiation warning symbol
- words: rayonnement-danger-radiation”
- name, quantity, date, and form of nuc
under what scenarios is labelling on radiation container or device not required?
doesn’t apply for container or device that:
- is essential component for nu facility at which it is located
- is used to hold nucs for immediate use and is under observation continuously of licensee
- quantity of nucs is less than or equal to exemption quantity
- container is used exclusively for transport nucs and is lavelled in accordance with regulations for transport
- contains radium luminous compound, as long as radium is only substance and device is intact
-container that only temporarily holds nuclear substances doesn;t have to be labelled with name, quantity of nuc
what should sign posted at boundaries and pts of axis have on it?
rayonnement- danger- radiation
under what conditions are signs at boundaries and points of access required?
- if there is nuc substance in a quantity > 100 X ecemption quantity
- if there is reasonable probability that someone in area will be exposed to dose rate > 25 uSv/h
-doesn’t apply in a vehicle containing a consignment per packaging and transport regulations
rules about radiation warning symbol
- fully visible
- size appropriate for container
- proportions per regulations
- oriented with one blade pointed downward and centered on the vertical axis
- blades and disk will be magenta or black and located on yellow background
- no wording superimposed on it
records kept by licensees
- name and job category of each NEW
- doses of radiation- retain it for period ending on 5th anniversary of the day on which the info is collected
organs with weighting factor of 0.08
gonads
organs or tissues with weighting factor of 0.12
red bone marrow colon lung stomach breast
remainder organs (add up to 0.12): adrenals extra-thoracic region gallbladder heart kidneys lymph nodes muscle oral mucosa pancreas small intestine spleen thymus prostate uterus/cervix
organs or tissues with weighting factor of 0.04
bladder
liver
esophagus
thyroid gland
organs or tissues with weighting factor of 0.01
skin (only applies when skin of whole body is exposed)
bone surfaces
brain
salivary glands
what tissues have no weighting factors?
hands, feet, eye lens
radiation weighting factor for photons
1
radiation weighting factor for electrons, muons
1
radiation weighting factor for protons, charged pions
2
radiation weighting factor for alpha particles, fission fragments, and heavy ions
20
radiation weighting factors for neutrons
continuous function of neutron energy
