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radiation safety and shielding design > Quick Review > Flashcards

Quick Review Flashcards

1
Q

when do radioactive substances not require a label

A

container is:
-essential to operation
-will not be used immediately
-small amounts
-used for shipping in accordance with regulations

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2
Q

7 requirements for license to construct

A
  1. name and location
  2. description of machine
  3. safety features
  4. occupancy of adjacent areas, workload of machine
  5. shielding plans
  6. verification plans
  7. max dose/dose rate to be received by those commissioning
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3
Q

8 requirements for license to operate

A
  1. name and location
  2. description of machine
  3. safety features
  4. occupancy of adjacent areas, workload of machine
  5. shielding plans
  6. verification plans
  7. max dose/dose rate to be received by those commissioning
  8. proposed commissioning plan
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4
Q

10 requirements for license to decommission

A
  1. name and location
  2. description of machine
  3. safety features
  4. occupancy of adjacent areas, workload of machine
  5. shielding plans
  6. verification plans
  7. max dose/dose rate to be received by those commissioning
  8. proposed commissioning plan
  9. methods and risks of decommissioning
  10. planned state of site afterwards
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5
Q

2 requirements for license to service

A

-equipment and service description
-post QA

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6
Q

concept of justification

A

no practise will be implemented unless it produces positive net benefit

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7
Q

6 radiation safety records to keep

A
  1. radiation survey (3 yrs after license expires)
  2. daily output
  3. training documentation
  4. inspections/servicing required
  5. documentation of transfer of equipment
  6. leak test results
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8
Q

4 obligations of licensees plus 4 more for HDR

A
  1. sources must be properly labelled and locked down when not in use
  2. dosimeters must be returned after measurement period
  3. lost/damaged devices must be reported
  4. survey meter with battery check must be provided

HDR specific
-equipment: pig, wire cutters, tongs
2. real-type dosimeter for all radiation types with audible warning
3. signage
4. limit public dose to 0.1 mSv/wk and 0.5 mSv/yr

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9
Q

4 obligations of operators in HDR

A
  1. QA HDR machine
  2. survey room after every HDR treatment
  3. prevent entry to areas > 0.1 mSv/h
  4. report any dangerous activity
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10
Q

5 radiation safety organization responsibilities

A
  1. promote radiation safety
  2. ensure compliance with safety rules
  3. monitor exposures
  4. keep records
  5. provide info and training
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11
Q

3 groups that may require radiation counselling

A

-pregnant workers
-individuals expected to exceed dose limits
-people considering volunteering for deliberate exposures as part of research

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12
Q

3 monitoring scenarios

A

-personnel
-area
-procedure (measure of dose received during particular procedure)

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13
Q

difference between law and regulation

A

law: any x-ray unit in Canada must have appropriate shielding
regulation: leakage radiation must be less than X

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14
Q

license for deuterium/uranium/thorium?

A

can do what you want as long as < 10 kg/calendar yr

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15
Q

what to do with tritium-activated self-luminous safety sign?

A

can do wtv you want as long as:
-no other nuc substances
-no more than 925 GBq of gaseous tritium
-light emitting part is enclosed such that it can’t be removed
-amt of tritium in form of oxide < 1%/volume for each glass tube
-don’t have > 10 of them

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16
Q

what to do with check source

A

can do wtv you want as long as:
-< 370 kBq, no alpha
-< 3.7 kBq, Z> 81 and gives off alpha
-no direct contact
-proper marking

17
Q

supervisors of trainees

A

must always be present

18
Q

replacement of sealed source: measurements

A

-dose rate on each surface of device
-dose received by people exposed during change

19
Q

trace studies

A

-contact CNSC if using > 2 GBq of nuc not sealed
-within 60 days file report with CNSC

20
Q

keeping reports of leak tests

A

-keep them for period ending 3 years after the date on which it is conducted

21
Q

woman’s position if imaging the fetus

A

use prone position

22
Q

4 ways to minimize patient dose during xray exam

A

-use air gap between patient and image receptor
-use optimum focal spot to image receptor distance
-use highest xray tube voltage which produces good quality image
-use AEC to keep irradiations and repeats to a min

23
Q

entrance surface dose (mGy) for different studies

A
  1. Chest (PA)- 0.2-0.3
  2. Chest (LAT)- 0.7-1.5
  3. thoracic spine (AP) - 5-8
  4. thoracic spine (LAT) - 7-10
  5. Lumbar spine (AP) 7-10
  6. Lumbar spine (LAT) 15-30
  7. Abdomen (AP) 7-15
  8. Pelvis (AP) 5-10
  9. Skull (AP) 4-5
  10. Skull (LAT) 2-3
24
Q

Abdominal radioscopy dose area product

A

20-70 Gy cm2

25
Q

barium enema dose area product

A

30-60 Gy cm2

26
Q

coronary angiography dose area product

A

35-75 Gy cm2

27
Q

CTDIw and DLP head

A

60 mGy
930-1300 mGy cm

28
Q

CTDIw and DLP face and sinuses

A

35 mGy
360 mGycm

29
Q

CTDIw and DLP chest

A

30 mGy
580-650 mGycm

30
Q

CTDIw and DLP abdomen- pelvis

A

35 mGy
560-1100 mGycm

31
Q

CTDIw and DLP spleen

A

35 mGy
470-920 mGycm

32
Q

chest entrance dose for child

A

0.05-0.15 mGy AP
0.15-0.25 mGy LAT

33
Q

abdomen entrance dose for child

A

0.5-1 mGy
AP

34
Q

pelvis entrance dose for child

A

0.6-1 mGy
AP

35
Q

skull entrance dose for child

A

1-2 mGy AP
0.8-1.5 mGy LAT

36
Q

procedure for receiving radioactive packages

A

-inspect for damage/leaking
-wear lab coat and gloves, place package in fume hood
-monitor radiation outside package and compared with units on label
-wipe test exterior
-open, remove inner packaging
-avoid direct contact with unshielded containers
-verify details (isotope, activity), log info
-report anomalies

37
Q

photodisintegration

A

-gamma is absorbed by atomic nucleus and nucleaus emits a subatomic particle (proton, neutron, or alpha)
-endothermic for nuclei lighter than iron and sometimes exothermic for nuclei heavier than iron

38
Q

classical electron radius

A

(1/(4pi epsilon knot) )* e^2/(mc^2) = 2,8 *10^-15 m

39
Q

radius of bohr atom

A

-most probably distance between proton and electron in hydrogen atom in ground state
5.3 *10^-11 m

radiation safety and shielding design (16 decks)

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