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physics > radiation protection chapter 6 > Flashcards

radiation protection chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

to ensure efficient cell operation, the body must have what 3 things

A
  • food as a source of raw material
  • oxygen
  • water
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2
Q

benefit of proper cell function

A
  • enables the body to maintain homeostasis
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3
Q

chemical building material for all living things

A

protoplasm

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4
Q

what are considered organic compounds

A
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids
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5
Q

what are considered inorganic compounds

A
  • water
  • mineral salts
  • acids
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6
Q

basic constituent/most prominent of all organic matter

A

carbon

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7
Q

water accounts for how much

A

80-85%

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8
Q

proteins are essential for

A
  • growth
  • construction of new tissue
  • repair of tissue
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9
Q

proteins make up how much of cell content

A

15%

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10
Q

carbohydrates are also called

A

saccharides

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11
Q

carbohydrates make up how much cell content

A

1%

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12
Q

carbohydrates include

A

starches and sugars

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13
Q

carbohydrates are composed of which compounds

A
  • carbon
  • oxygen
  • hydrogen
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14
Q

the primary energy source for the cell

A

glucose

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15
Q

lipids make up how much of cell content

A

2%

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16
Q

lipids are substances such as

A

fats, fatty acids, oil or wax

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17
Q

nucleic acids make up how much of cell content

A

1%

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18
Q

cells contain what 2 types of nucleic acids that are of primary importance to all life

A

DNA and RNA

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19
Q

adenine and guanine are known as

A

purines

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20
Q

cytosine and thymine are known as

A

pyrimidines

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21
Q

adenine is linked with what other base

A

thymine

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22
Q

difference in DNA and RNA

A
  • DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
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23
Q

RNA contains which compound

A

ribose

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24
Q

transmits genetic information outside the cell nucleus by reproducing itself in the form of

A

messenger RNA

25
Q

combines amino acids and attaches to ribosomes

A

transfer RNA

26
Q

chromosomes are composed of

A

protein and DNA

27
Q

a normal human being has how many chromosomes

A

46

28
Q

reproductive cells, or germ cells, are composed of how many chromosomes

A

23

29
Q

the DNA that makes up every chromosome is divided into many hundreds of segments or subunits called

A

genes

30
Q

the total amount of genetic material contained within the chromosome of a human being is called

A

human genome

31
Q

process of locating and identifying genes in the genome is called

A

mapping

32
Q

genes are capable of producing how many different proteins

A

90,000

33
Q

primary inorganic substance in the body

A

water

34
Q

salts are necessary for what 3 things

A
  • proper cell performance
  • creation of energy
  • conduction of impulses along nerves
35
Q

the normal cell has the following components

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • cytoplasmic organelles
36
Q

structure that surrounds and protects the cell

A

cell membrane

37
Q

a protoplasm that exists outside the cell nucleus and composed of water

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

an irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

granular and agranular

40
Q

vesicles that extend from nucleus to cell membrane

A

golgi apparatus

41
Q

powerhouse of the cell and produces energy

A

mitochondria

42
Q

any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons

A

oxidation

43
Q

single membrane spherical bodies that are of great importance of digestion within cytoplasm

A

lysosomes

44
Q

ribosomes attach to

A

endoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

ribosomes consist of

A

RNA and protein

46
Q

ribosomes are referred to as

A

protein factories

47
Q

where are centrosomes located

A

near the nucleus

48
Q

double walled membrane that is the information processing and center of the living cell

A

nucleus

49
Q

somatic cells undergo

A

mitosis

50
Q

genetic cells undergo

A

meiosis

51
Q

when a parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells identical to parent

A

mitosis

52
Q

interphase is composed of what 3 phases

A

G1, G2, S

53
Q

first phase of cell division where the nucleus enlarges the DNA complex

A

prophase

54
Q

cell division where the mitotic spindle forms between the centrioles and line up in the center

A

metaphase

55
Q

cell division that causes cell to stretch to opposite sides of the spindle

A

anaphase

56
Q

cell division where chromatids undergo changes in appearance by uncoiling

A

telophase

57
Q

reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in parent cell

A

meiosis

58
Q

when does replication occur

A

interphase

physics (8 decks)

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