radiation protection chapter 6

Question 1

to ensure efficient cell operation, the body must have what 3 things

Answer 1

• food as a source of raw material
• oxygen
• water

Question 2

benefit of proper cell function

Answer 2

• enables the body to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

chemical building material for all living things

Answer 3

protoplasm

Question 4

what are considered organic compounds

Answer 4

• proteins
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Question 5

what are considered inorganic compounds

Answer 5

• water
• mineral salts
• acids

Question 6

basic constituent/most prominent of all organic matter

Answer 6

carbon

Question 7

water accounts for how much

Answer 7

80-85%

Question 8

proteins are essential for

Answer 8

• growth
• construction of new tissue
• repair of tissue

Question 9

proteins make up how much of cell content

Answer 9

15%

Question 10

carbohydrates are also called

Answer 10

saccharides

Question 11

carbohydrates make up how much cell content

Answer 11

1%

Question 12

carbohydrates include

Answer 12

starches and sugars

Question 13

carbohydrates are composed of which compounds

Answer 13

• carbon
• oxygen
• hydrogen

Question 14

the primary energy source for the cell

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

lipids make up how much of cell content

Answer 15

2%

Question 16

lipids are substances such as

Answer 16

fats, fatty acids, oil or wax

Question 17

nucleic acids make up how much of cell content

Answer 17

1%

Question 18

cells contain what 2 types of nucleic acids that are of primary importance to all life

Answer 18

DNA and RNA

Question 19

adenine and guanine are known as

Answer 19

purines

Question 20

cytosine and thymine are known as

Answer 20

pyrimidines

Question 21

adenine is linked with what other base

Answer 21

thymine

Question 22

difference in DNA and RNA

Answer 22

• DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded

Question 23

RNA contains which compound

Answer 23

ribose

Question 24

transmits genetic information outside the cell nucleus by reproducing itself in the form of

Answer 24

messenger RNA

Question 25

combines amino acids and attaches to ribosomes

Answer 25

transfer RNA

Question 26

chromosomes are composed of

Answer 26

protein and DNA

Question 27

a normal human being has how many chromosomes

Answer 27

46

Question 28

reproductive cells, or germ cells, are composed of how many chromosomes

Answer 28

23

Question 29

the DNA that makes up every chromosome is divided into many hundreds of segments or subunits called

Answer 29

genes

Question 30

the total amount of genetic material contained within the chromosome of a human being is called

Answer 30

human genome

Question 31

process of locating and identifying genes in the genome is called

Answer 31

mapping

Question 32

genes are capable of producing how many different proteins

Answer 32

90,000

Question 33

primary inorganic substance in the body

Answer 33

water

Question 34

salts are necessary for what 3 things

Answer 34

- proper cell performance - creation of energy - conduction of impulses along nerves

Question 35

the normal cell has the following components

Answer 35

- cell membrane - cytoplasm - cytoplasmic organelles

Question 36

structure that surrounds and protects the cell

Answer 36

cell membrane

Question 37

a protoplasm that exists outside the cell nucleus and composed of water

Answer 37

cytoplasm

Question 38

an irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 38

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 39

granular and agranular

Question 40

vesicles that extend from nucleus to cell membrane

Answer 40

golgi apparatus

Question 41

powerhouse of the cell and produces energy

Answer 41

mitochondria

Question 42

any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons

Answer 42

oxidation

Question 43

single membrane spherical bodies that are of great importance of digestion within cytoplasm

Answer 43

lysosomes

Question 44

ribosomes attach to

Answer 44

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

ribosomes consist of

Answer 45

RNA and protein

Question 46

ribosomes are referred to as

Answer 46

protein factories

Question 47

where are centrosomes located

Answer 47

near the nucleus

Question 48

double walled membrane that is the information processing and center of the living cell

Answer 48

nucleus

Question 49

somatic cells undergo

Answer 49

mitosis

Question 50

genetic cells undergo

Answer 50

meiosis

Question 51

when a parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells identical to parent

Answer 51

mitosis

Question 52

interphase is composed of what 3 phases

Answer 52

G1, G2, S

Question 53

first phase of cell division where the nucleus enlarges the DNA complex

Answer 53

prophase

Question 54

cell division where the mitotic spindle forms between the centrioles and line up in the center

Answer 54

metaphase

Question 55

cell division that causes cell to stretch to opposite sides of the spindle

Answer 55

anaphase

Question 56

cell division where chromatids undergo changes in appearance by uncoiling

Answer 56

telophase

Question 57

reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in parent cell

Answer 57

meiosis

Question 58

when does replication occur

Answer 58

interphase