chapter 4

Question 1

anything with shape and form that occupies space

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

any material with a definite and constant composition; the simplest form is an element

Answer 2

substance

Question 3

a substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by ordinary means

Answer 3

element

Question 4

the smallest single unit of an element retaining all of its chemical behaviors

Answer 4

atom

Question 5

a substance in which atoms of different elements are bound together chemically

Answer 5

compound

Question 6

a combination of 2 or more substances such that they are not chemically bond together

Answer 6

mixture

Question 7

2 or more atoms chemically bond together

Answer 7

molecule

Question 8

defined as the mass of a proton

Answer 8

atomic mass unit

Question 9

the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

Answer 9

atomic number

Question 10

2 types of chemical bonding

Answer 10

covalent and ionic bonds

Question 11

the outermost shell of the atom can never hold more than 8 electrons

Answer 11

the octect rule

Question 12

occurs when 2 atoms come together because they have an odd number of electrons

Answer 12

covalent bonding

Question 13

an atom with a net electrical charge of plus 1

Answer 13

positive ion

Question 14

any electrically charged particles

Answer 14

ion

Question 15

loss of an electron by an atom

Answer 15

ionization

Question 16

when negative and positive ions migrate towards each other due to the force of electrical attraction

Answer 16

ionic bonding

Question 17

large particles comprising the atomic nucleus

Answer 17

nucleons

Question 18

elements found in different forms based on the altering number of neutrons

Answer 18

isotopes

Question 19

the ideal number of neutrons to have in the nucleus which results in the most stable configuration, positioning the nucleus as a whole at its lowest possible energy state

Answer 19

the ground state

Question 20

any atom that is radioactive

Answer 20

radionuclide

Question 21

any atoms that is radioactive because it has too few or too many neutrons

Answer 21

radioisotope

Question 22

large particles emitted by very unstable nuclei

Answer 22

alpha particles

Question 23

small particles emitted by moderately unstable nuclei

Answer 23

beta particles

Question 24

electromagnetic radiation emitted by moderately unstable nuclei

Answer 24

gamma rays

Question 25

an electron has a mass of…

Answer 25

1/2000th amu