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final Flashcards

1
Q

Who tested over 5000 chemicals for stimulating xrays

A

Thomas Edison

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2
Q

What had to wait for miniaturization and computer power to occur

A

DR

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3
Q

Types of radiation that are biologically harmful are directly capable of

A

ionizing

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4
Q

when was the invention of the image intensifier tube

A

1948

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5
Q

what is heat transfer through a vacuum space

A

radiation

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6
Q

interactions of matter are governed by how many forces

A

4

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7
Q

generic unit of energy

A

joule

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8
Q

what is considered a fundamental unit

A

centimeter

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9
Q

the standard distance of TTD

A

40 inch

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10
Q

if a 50 kg body is moved from outer space to earth how will the mass change

A

stays constant

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11
Q

any device that can change one form of energy into another

A

transducer

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12
Q

indefinite shape but definite volume

A

liquid

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13
Q

the ability to cause change in motion or state of object

A

work

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14
Q

what is not a form of energy

A

work

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15
Q

radiation moves ____ from one point to another

A

energy

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16
Q

what was Roentgen experimenting when he discovered xrays

A

cathode rays

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17
Q

the annual exposure is equivalent to exposure from

A

nature

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18
Q

occupational exposure is received from

A
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19
Q

what variables are mathematically quantitable

A

repeat exposures, image contrast, image detail

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20
Q

the total energy must be equal before and after the event

A

law of conservation

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21
Q

x-rays, gravity and magnetism follow the inverse square law because

A

forces spread out over increasing areas with increasing distance

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22
Q

when 2 variables are opposite of each other

A

inversely proportional

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23
Q

the distance from the xray tube to the IR changes when the intensity changes because of the

A

inverse square of distance

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24
Q

the strongest type of bonding of atoms

A

ionic bonding

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25
the smallest unit of chemical compound
molecule
26
barium sulfate is described as a
mixture
27
what do incoming electrons do to atoms in a disc
ionize them
28
what are the rings outside of the nucleus where electrons are held within a distinct volume of space
orbitals
29
the rule for electron configuration follow the
octet rule
30
what is a push or pull that causes change in motion of another body
a force
31
the isotopes of elements have the same
number of protons
32
heat transfer by convection is restricted to
fluids
33
unit for absorbed dose
gray
34
the development of revolutionized storage, management and access
PACS
35
bone is demonstrated as bright because of its
high atomic number
36
what are sound waves
mechanical waves in a medium
37
the benefits of post processing capability of digital imaging systems
reduces exposure, cost saving, time efficiency, and improve images
38
heat energy produced in xray tube during exposure is released by
radiation
39
why can the 3 phase and 6 pulse produce more continuous output of xrays
the overlapping pulses of electricity
40
where is the step down transformer located
filament circuit
41
what is located between the autotransformer and step up
exposure timer
42
primary purpose of the filament circuit
heat up filament and cause thermionic emission
43
what is the minimum amount of filtration
2.5 mm Al
44
how does filtration affect the xray beam
decrease quantity, increase energy, removes low energy xrays
45
where is the kvp meter located
primary circuit
46
what increases when changing from single phase to 3 phase
47
what generator produces highest average kV
high frequency
48
half value layer measures
degree of penetration of xray beam
49
what do electrons do in the AC circuit
vibrate back and forth
50
protects unit from overheating
circuit breaker
51
increases voltage but decreases the current through mutual induction
step up transformer
52
generator that has ripple of 14%
3 phase 6 pulse
53
like poles of a magnet ____ while opposites ____
repel; attract
54
terminates xray exposure once the IR is exposed
AEC
55
powers the primary side of the high voltage transformer
secondary side of the autotransformer
56
when selecting the kV what is adjusted
autotransformer
57
ripple of 3 phase 12 pulse
4%
58
function of the step down transformer
decreases voltage, increases current
59
energy of photon is directly proportional to
frequency
60
purpose of rectifier
converts AC to DC
61
transformer is used to increase or decrease ___
voltage
62
strongly attracted to a magnet
ferromagnetic
63
which component adjusts the power
line compensator
64
beam hardening
uses filtration to remove low energy xrays
65
permeability
66
charge is measured in
coulumbs
67
milliamperes measures
flow of electrons in a circuit
68
which has the most electrical resistance
long wire, small diameter
69
electromagnetic induction refers to
electric current
70
what is the movement of EMF
accelerates toward the anode
71
ohm's law formula
V = IR
72
results to dark images
radiopaque
73
the last step before the current reaches the tube
rectification
74
5 laws of electrostatics
- like charges repel, opposites attract - in solid objects, only negative objects move - in solid objects, electrical charges exist only on the surface - in solid objects, electrical charge concentrate at the greatest curvature of surface - coulumbs law states that the amount of force is proportional to the product of 2 charges
75
change of technique when switching from single phase to 3 phase
cut mas by 1/2
76
when mA is selected the ____ is selected
resistor
77
inherent filtration includes
- the glass envelope - windows of collimator - the anode
78
an atom within the patients body completely absorbs an xray photon
photoelectric effect
79
number of variables that affect image quality
6
80
subject contrast is produced by ___ between various tissues of the body
differential absorption
81
partial absorption of the xray beam
attenuation
82
interaction that accounts for most xrays in the beam
brems
83
interaction within the nucleus
brems
84
which interaction is the source of most occupational exposure
the compton effect
85
what do you do when there is an increase in photoelectric effect
insert contrast agent
86
interaction that leaves white spots
photoelectric
87
the line focus principle if controlled by the
- width of beam - angle of bevel
88
photons are produced at
the actual focal spot
89
typical anode bevel angle
15-17 degrees
90
causes of scatter
- high kvp - large field size - part thickness

physics (8 decks)

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