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final Flashcards

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1
Q

Who tested over 5000 chemicals for stimulating xrays

A

Thomas Edison

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2
Q

What had to wait for miniaturization and computer power to occur

A

DR

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3
Q

Types of radiation that are biologically harmful are directly capable of

A

ionizing

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4
Q

when was the invention of the image intensifier tube

A

1948

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5
Q

what is heat transfer through a vacuum space

A

radiation

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6
Q

interactions of matter are governed by how many forces

A

4

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7
Q

generic unit of energy

A

joule

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8
Q

what is considered a fundamental unit

A

centimeter

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9
Q

the standard distance of TTD

A

40 inch

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10
Q

if a 50 kg body is moved from outer space to earth how will the mass change

A

stays constant

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11
Q

any device that can change one form of energy into another

A

transducer

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12
Q

indefinite shape but definite volume

A

liquid

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13
Q

the ability to cause change in motion or state of object

A

work

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14
Q

what is not a form of energy

A

work

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15
Q

radiation moves ____ from one point to another

A

energy

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16
Q

what was Roentgen experimenting when he discovered xrays

A

cathode rays

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17
Q

the annual exposure is equivalent to exposure from

A

nature

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18
Q

occupational exposure is received from

A
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19
Q

what variables are mathematically quantitable

A

repeat exposures, image contrast, image detail

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20
Q

the total energy must be equal before and after the event

A

law of conservation

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21
Q

x-rays, gravity and magnetism follow the inverse square law because

A

forces spread out over increasing areas with increasing distance

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22
Q

when 2 variables are opposite of each other

A

inversely proportional

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23
Q

the distance from the xray tube to the IR changes when the intensity changes because of the

A

inverse square of distance

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24
Q

the strongest type of bonding of atoms

A

ionic bonding

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25
Q

the smallest unit of chemical compound

A

molecule

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26
Q

barium sulfate is described as a

A

mixture

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27
Q

what do incoming electrons do to atoms in a disc

A

ionize them

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28
Q

what are the rings outside of the nucleus where electrons are held within a distinct volume of space

A

orbitals

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29
Q

the rule for electron configuration follow the

A

octet rule

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30
Q

what is a push or pull that causes change in motion of another body

A

a force

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31
Q

the isotopes of elements have the same

A

number of protons

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32
Q

heat transfer by convection is restricted to

A

fluids

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33
Q

unit for absorbed dose

A

gray

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34
Q

the development of revolutionized storage, management and access

A

PACS

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35
Q

bone is demonstrated as bright because of its

A

high atomic number

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36
Q

what are sound waves

A

mechanical waves in a medium

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37
Q

the benefits of post processing capability of digital imaging systems

A

reduces exposure, cost saving, time efficiency, and improve images

38
Q

heat energy produced in xray tube during exposure is released by

A

radiation

39
Q

why can the 3 phase and 6 pulse produce more continuous output of xrays

A

the overlapping pulses of electricity

40
Q

where is the step down transformer located

A

filament circuit

41
Q

what is located between the autotransformer and step up

A

exposure timer

42
Q

primary purpose of the filament circuit

A

heat up filament and cause thermionic emission

43
Q

what is the minimum amount of filtration

A

2.5 mm Al

44
Q

how does filtration affect the xray beam

A

decrease quantity, increase energy, removes low energy xrays

45
Q

where is the kvp meter located

A

primary circuit

46
Q

what increases when changing from single phase to 3 phase

A
47
Q

what generator produces highest average kV

A

high frequency

48
Q

half value layer measures

A

degree of penetration of xray beam

49
Q

what do electrons do in the AC circuit

A

vibrate back and forth

50
Q

protects unit from overheating

A

circuit breaker

51
Q

increases voltage but decreases the current through mutual induction

A

step up transformer

52
Q

generator that has ripple of 14%

A

3 phase 6 pulse

53
Q

like poles of a magnet ____ while opposites ____

A

repel; attract

54
Q

terminates xray exposure once the IR is exposed

A

AEC

55
Q

powers the primary side of the high voltage transformer

A

secondary side of the autotransformer

56
Q

when selecting the kV what is adjusted

A

autotransformer

57
Q

ripple of 3 phase 12 pulse

A

4%

58
Q

function of the step down transformer

A

decreases voltage, increases current

59
Q

energy of photon is directly proportional to

A

frequency

60
Q

purpose of rectifier

A

converts AC to DC

61
Q

transformer is used to increase or decrease ___

A

voltage

62
Q

strongly attracted to a magnet

A

ferromagnetic

63
Q

which component adjusts the power

A

line compensator

64
Q

beam hardening

A

uses filtration to remove low energy xrays

65
Q

permeability

A
66
Q

charge is measured in

A

coulumbs

67
Q

milliamperes measures

A

flow of electrons in a circuit

68
Q

which has the most electrical resistance

A

long wire, small diameter

69
Q

electromagnetic induction refers to

A

electric current

70
Q

what is the movement of EMF

A

accelerates toward the anode

71
Q

ohm’s law formula

A

V = IR

72
Q

results to dark images

A

radiopaque

73
Q

the last step before the current reaches the tube

A

rectification

74
Q

5 laws of electrostatics

A
  • like charges repel, opposites attract
  • in solid objects, only negative objects move
  • in solid objects, electrical charges exist only on the surface
  • in solid objects, electrical charge concentrate at the greatest curvature of surface
  • coulumbs law states that the amount of force is proportional to the product of 2 charges
75
Q

change of technique when switching from single phase to 3 phase

A

cut mas by 1/2

76
Q

when mA is selected the ____ is selected

A

resistor

77
Q

inherent filtration includes

A
  • the glass envelope
  • windows of collimator
  • the anode
78
Q

an atom within the patients body completely absorbs an xray photon

A

photoelectric effect

79
Q

number of variables that affect image quality

A

6

80
Q

subject contrast is produced by ___ between various tissues of the body

A

differential absorption

81
Q

partial absorption of the xray beam

A

attenuation

82
Q

interaction that accounts for most xrays in the beam

A

brems

83
Q

interaction within the nucleus

A

brems

84
Q

which interaction is the source of most occupational exposure

A

the compton effect

85
Q

what do you do when there is an increase in photoelectric effect

A

insert contrast agent

86
Q

interaction that leaves white spots

A

photoelectric

87
Q

the line focus principle if controlled by the

A
  • width of beam
  • angle of bevel
88
Q

photons are produced at

A

the actual focal spot

89
Q

typical anode bevel angle

A

15-17 degrees

90
Q

causes of scatter

A
  • high kvp
  • large field size
  • part thickness

physics (8 decks)

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