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radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

how is nuclear radiation emitted?

A

by the nucleus of an unstable isotope of an element when it decays

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2
Q

what does the type of radiation that is emitted depend on?

A

the mass of the isotope

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3
Q

what is the type of radiation emitted depended on?

A

the mass of the isotope

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4
Q

what are the types of radiation?

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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5
Q

what are radioisotopes?

A

an isotope that is a different form of the same element

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6
Q

what happens when radioisotopes are unstable and decay?

A

they decay into other elements giving out radiation

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7
Q

what does alpha particles consist of?

A

two protons and two neutrons

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8
Q

what happens when an alpha particle is released from an element?

A

mass number decreased by 4

atomic number decreases by 2

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9
Q

what does an alpha radiation particle symbol look like?

A

4
alpha particle symbol
2

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10
Q

what does a beta radiation particle consist of?

A

a high energy electron

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11
Q

how is a beta particle emitted?

A

by the nucleus of a decaying atom

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12
Q

what happens in an atoms nucleus when a beta particle is emitted?

A

a neutron turns into a proton - which stays in the nucleus

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12
Q

what happens in a beta particle when an atoms nucleus decays and releases a beta particle?

A

a neutron turns into a proton - which stays in the nucleus

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13
Q

what is the beta particle radiation equation?

A

14 14 0
C —–> N + Beta particle symbol
6 7 -1

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14
Q

why does the beta atom great a new element once emitted?

A

because the atom has gained a proton and so has changed into a new element

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15
Q

is nuclear decay a random process?

A

yes

16
Q

what is gamma radiation?

A

a form of electromagnetic radiation

17
Q

is gamma radiation a type of particle?

A

no

18
Q

what happens when an atoms nucleus decays and emits gamma radiation?

A

it releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

19
Q

is a new element formed when gamma radiation is emitted?

A

no

20
Q

what are gamma rays usually emitted with?

A

alpha or beta particles

21
Q

what is the equation for gamma radiation?

A

60 60 0
Co ——-> Ni + beta symbol + gamma radiation symbol
27 28 -1

22
Q

what are the uses of radiation?

A

radiation therapy
tracers
smoke detectors
sterilizing

23
Q

what is the rate of which a radioactive source decays measured in?

A

becquerels (Bq)

24
Q

what is one becquerel equivalent to?

A

one decay per second

25
Q

what is the count-rate?

A

the number of decays per second recorded by a detector - a Geiger-Muller tube

Physics (6 decks)

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