radbio test 3

Question 1

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau 1906

Answer 1

radio sensitivity of living tissue varies with maturation and metabolism

Question 2

response of irradiated tissue is determined by

Answer 2

amount of energy deposited per unit mass

Question 3

linear energy transfer

Answer 3

rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation of soft tissue

Question 4

LET of diagnostic x ray is about

Answer 4

3 Kev/micrometer

Question 5

When LET is high

Answer 5

ionization happens more frequently

Question 6

RBE of diagnostic x ray

Answer 6

1

Question 7

protracted

Answer 7

number of days between first and last treatment (timeframe)

Question 8

fractionated

Answer 8

standard dose rate equal fractions separated by hours

how many parts.

Question 9

biological factors that Affect radio sensitivity

Answer 9

Oxygen effect
age
recovery
chemical agents
hormesis

Question 10

At whole body level recovery is assisted through

Answer 10

repair and repopulation

Question 11

radiosensitizers

Answer 11

halogenated pyrimidines
methotrexate
actinomycin D
hydroxyurea
vitamin K

Question 12

Radioprotectors

Answer 12

contains sulfhydryl

Question 13

Hormesis

Answer 13

a small hit of radiation is good for you

stimulates hormonal and immune response

Question 14

deterministic

Answer 14

high dose early response

Question 15

stochastic

Answer 15

low exposure late response

Question 16

natural response

Answer 16

at zero dose Rn

Question 17

A protracted dose of radiation is given

Answer 17

over a long period of time

Question 18

A____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received

Answer 18

linear

Question 19

nonlinear dose response

Answer 19

large response results from very small radiation dose

Question 20

main chain scission

Answer 20

breakage of backbone of the long chain macromolecule

reduces size and visvosity

Question 21

cross linking

Answer 21

spur-like side structure, sticky and attach to a
neighboring macromolecule
increases viscosity

Question 22

point lession

Answer 22

radiation may disrupt a single chemical bond producing a point lesion
not detectable
low dose = cellular radiation damage (stochastic)

Question 23

catabolism

Answer 23

broken down into smaller molecules with a release of energy

Question 24

anabolism

Answer 24

small molecules to macromolecules

Question 25

proteins are manufactured

Answer 25

by translation

Question 26

genetic code from RNA is _________ from messenger RNA

Answer 26

transfer

Question 27

information is __________ from DNA

Answer 27

transcribed

Question 28

radiolysis

Answer 28

when water is irradiated it dissociates into other molecules

Question 29

if a molecule has a __________, it will break into smaller molecules

Answer 29

main chain scission

Question 30

In vitro irradiation of molecules causes ________ damage to macromolecules.

Answer 30

repairable and and reversible

Question 31

molecule lesions of DNA are called

Answer 31

point mutations

Question 32

when an atom of water is irradiated it first dissociates in to

Answer 32

ion pair

Question 33

HOH*

Answer 33

neg ion may attach to another water molecule and produce a third type of ion

Question 34

dissociation into smaller molecules

Answer 34

H+ + OH* | OH- + H*

Question 35

OH* joins another to become and 2 hydroperoxyl can form this

Answer 35

hydrogen peroxide

Question 36

Thee H* free radical can interact with molecular oxygen to form

Answer 36

hydroperoxyl radical

Question 37

In humans principle effect of radiation is

Answer 37

indirect

Question 38

radiation protection guidelines are based on

Answer 38

stochastic effects of radiation