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Dose Tolerances > Radbio > Flashcards

Radbio Flashcards

1
Q

Histology of skin cancers

A

Basal, SCC, Melanoma

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2
Q

Histology of H and N

A

SCC

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3
Q

Histology of CNS

A

Astrocytomas

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4
Q

Histology of Breast

A

Intraductal Carcinoma

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5
Q

Histology of Hodgkins Disease

A

Lymphoma

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6
Q

Histology of Lung

A

Non Small Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Carcinoma

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7
Q

Histology of Esophagus

A

Upper 2/3 = SCC;

Lower 1/2 = Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Histology of Stomach

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Histology of Colorectal

A

Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

Histology of prostate

A

Adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Histology of Renal

A

Adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

Histology of Bladder

A

Transitional Cell

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13
Q

Histology of Testicular

A

Germ Cell (seminoma/non-seminoma)

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14
Q

Histology of Cervix

A

SCC

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15
Q

Histology of Endometrium

A

Adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Histology of Ovary

A

Epithelial

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17
Q

Histology of Vulva

A

SCC

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18
Q

Law of Bernie and Tribondeau:

A

Radiosensitivity varies with:

  1. Cell proliferation - more rapidly dividing are more sensitive
  2. Future Cell Division - more dividing futures are more sensitive
  3. Differentiation - undifferentiated are more sensitive
19
Q

At what exposure does Cerebrovascular Radiation Syndrome take place?

A

> 10,000 rads

20
Q

At what exposure does Gastrointestinal Radiation Syndrome take place?

A

500-1200 rads

21
Q

At what exposure does Hematopoitic (bone marrow) Radiation Syndrome take place?

A

200-800 rads

22
Q

What is LD 50/30 and 50/60, and what is the exposure for each

A

Lethal Dose - 50% of people will die within 30 days - 450 rads; 50% within 60 days - 350 rads

23
Q

Define the four R’s of Radiotherapy for fractionation

A
  1. Repair - normal cells have capacity to repair themselves
  2. Repopulation - normal and cancer cells repopulate between fractions
  3. Reoxygenation - tumors cells are allowed time to reoxygenate between fractions (making them more sensitive)
  4. Redistribution - tumor cells may reassert themselves between fx’s to areas of adequate vascular supply
24
Q

Most radiosensitive step of Cell Cycle

A

Mitosis

25
Q

Most radioresistant step of Cell Cycle

A

Late S

26
Q

Stochastic Effect

A

No Threshold - not characterized by severity buy by incidence (you either get it or don’t get it)
ex. cancer, leukemia

27
Q

Non-Stochastic (Deterministic)

A

Threshold dose - Severity is based on increasing exposure.

ex. erythema, cataracts

28
Q

Radiation safety goals regarding Stochastic and Non-stochastic effect:

A

Want to eliminate Non-stochastic, and reduce stochastic (only way to eliminate is to stop using radiation)

29
Q

Define Somatic Effects

A

Observable, ie. cataracts, or blood changes

30
Q

Define Teratogenic Effects

A

Effects on fetus

31
Q

Define BED mathematically

A 
BED = n x d x RE
*n = # of fractions; d = dose
32
Q

Define RE (relative effectiveness) mathematically

A

RE = (1 + d / (alpha/beta))

*alpha/beta ratio

33
Q

What is responsible for the Direct Cell Kill component, and what does it include?

A

Alpha; DNA double stand breaks and Non-repairable component

34
Q

What is responsible for the Indirect Cell Kill component, and what does it include?

A

Beta; DNA single Stand breaks and potentially repairable component

35
Q

What is RBE normalized to?

A

250kVp

36
Q

As LET increases, RBE ______

A

increases

37
Q

What is OER and define mathematically

A

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio;

OER = dose w/o oxygen to cause Biological Effect / dose w/ oxygen to cause Same Effect

38
Q

What is the OER for a 250 kvp X-ray?

A

2.5

39
Q

DVH y-axis and x-axis

A

Y-axis: % volume or Vol (cc)

X-axis: % dose or Dose (Gy)

40
Q

Max dose constraints are given to serial or parallel structures?

A

Serial

41
Q

% volume-dose constraints are given to serial or parallel structures?

A

Parallel

42
Q

Define X and Y axis of NTCP (Normal Tissue Complication Probability)

A

Y-axis: complication

X-axis: dose

43
Q

Define Y and X axis of TCP (Tumor Control Probability)

A

Y-axis: Tumor Control

X-axis: Dose

44
Q

Therapeutic Ratio

A

Ratio of tumor response for a fixed level of normal-tissue damage

Dose Tolerances (23 decks)

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