RAD 106 prelims Flashcards

1
Q

Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom which contains most of the atoms mass

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

The components are lined up along one path. If the circuit is broken, all components turn off

A

Series circuit

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3
Q

Positively charged particles

A

Protons (1 amu)

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4
Q

Which produces a charge redistribution of electrons in a material

A

Induction

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5
Q

A magnet made from a current bearing coil of wire wrapped around an iron or steel core

A

Electromagnetic

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6
Q

Are composed of smaller subatomic particles such as the proton, neutron, and electron.

A

Atoms

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7
Q

Used the cathode ray tube to discover electrons (plum pudding)

A

JJ Thomson

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8
Q

The electrons in the outermost energy level

A

Valence electrons

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9
Q

Electrons flow in different directions in a wire

A

Alternating current (AC)

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10
Q

The compass wire experiment

A

Hans Christian Orstead 1777-1851

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11
Q

He proposed light as an EM-wave

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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12
Q

Are often referred to as the building blocks of matter

A

Atoms

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13
Q

Is the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; WEAKEST of all forces

A

Gravitational force

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14
Q

Is a type of energy that consists of the movement of electrons between two points when there is a potential difference between them, making it possible to generate what is known as an electric current.

A

Electricity

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15
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus is the?

A

Atomic number

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16
Q

John Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1804

A

All matter is made of atoms
Atoms of one element are all the same
Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller parts
Compounds form by combining atoms

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17
Q

The flow of electrons from one place to another

A

Current

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18
Q

Is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other

A

Magnetism

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19
Q

The charge on an ion is called?

A

Electrostatic charge

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20
Q

Using a cathode ray tube, he discovered canal rays which are beams of positively charged particles; He is credited with the discovery of protons in an atom

A

Eugen Goldstein 1850-1930

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21
Q

He envisioned atoms as solid, hard spheres, like billiard (pool) balls, so he used wooden balls to model them

A

Dalton’s early atomic model

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22
Q

What influences Resistance?

A

Material of wire – aluminum and copper have low resistance
Thickness – the thicker the wire the lower the resistance
Length – shorter wire has lower resistance
Temperature – lower temperature has lower resistance

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23
Q

Negatively charge ions result from the gain of electrons

A

Anions

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24
Q

The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit

25
Particles that have no charge (neutral)
Neutrons (1 amu)
26
Greek word for uncuttable
Atomos
27
Materials through which electric current cannot move
Insulators
28
Which transfer electrons between two objects in contact
Friction
29
Is the mass of protons plus the mass of the neutrons
Atomic mass (recorded in the SI units: atomic mass units (amu))
30
31
Examples of Insulators
Styrofoam Rubber Plastic Paper
32
An area around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found orbiting the nucleus in several energy levels
Electron cloud
33
With a charged body which results in the transfer of electrons
Contact
34
2 main ideas of Democritus
Atoms are the smallest possible particle of matter There are different types of atoms for each material
35
Difference between VOLTS and AMPS
AMPS measure HOW MUCH water comes out of a hose VOLTS measure HOW HARD the water comes out of the hose
36
The opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat
Resistance (ohms)
37
Two regions of an atom
Nucleus Electron cloud
38
Smallest particle of an element that can exist alone
Atoms
39
Positively charge ions result from the loss of electrons
Cations
40
Negatively charged particles
Electrons (mass is VERY small)
41
Subatomic particles of atomic nuclei
Gluons- zero charge Quarks- carries protons
42
Greek philosopher that suggested world was made of two things - empty space and "atomos"
Democritus 460 BC
43
Examples of conductor
Metal Water
44
States that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant
Ohm's Law
45
Atoms of the same element with varying number of neutrons
Isotopes
46
Occurs when there is a loss of static electricity due to three possible things: friction, contact, induction
Static discharge
47
The greater the resistance
The less current gets through
48
Material through which electric current flows easily
Conductors
49
Discovered the electron; He was the first scientist to show the atom was made of even smaller things
J.J. Thomson 1897
50
Is a path for the flow of electrons. We use wires
Circuit
51
Theory of relativity
Albert Einstein (1897-1955)
52
Discovered the nucleus of a gold atom with his "gold foil" experiment
Ernest Rutherford 1913
53
The build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object; is a potential energy, does not move, it is stored
Static electricity
54
There are several branching paths to the components
Parallel circuit
55
Where electrons flow in the same direction in a wire
Direct current (DC)
56
Father of Physics
Isaac Newton 1642-1727
57
Is responsible for decay of material
Weak nuclear force or weak interaction
58
Is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, a molecule, or an ion.
Electron binding energy or Ionization potential