Racial policies and the Holocaust

Question 1

what is the term given to the Nazi’s approach to anti-Semitism?

Answer 1

gradualist

progressed very slowly

Question 2

when was the national boycott of Jewish businesses?

Answer 2

1 April 1933

Question 3

how did the German people react to the boycott?

Answer 3

it was not universally accepted and caused bad publicity abroad

Question 4

when were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

Answer 4

September 1935

Question 5

what were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 5

• Reich Citizenship Act
• Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour

Question 6

what was the Reich Citizenship Act?

Answer 6

only those with German or kindred blood could hold German citizenship

this in turn meant that Jews lost their citizenship

Question 7

what was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour?

Answer 7

marriages between Jews and German citizens became illegal

Question 8

what anti-Semitic laws were passed in 1938?

Answer 8

• decree prohibiting Jews practicing medicine
• decree to expel 17,000 Jews in Poland
• decree to exclude Jews from school and university

Question 9

in what ways did propaganda spread anti-Semitism?

Answer 9

• posters and sigs which discriminated Jews
• newspapers which were overtly anti-Semitic
• cinema (The Eternal Jew)
• Hitler Youth

Question 10

why did anti-Semitic violence decrease after 1934?

Answer 10

• the Berlin Olympics put the spotlight on Germany
• conservative forces in power (like Schacht) had shown their disapproval for the anti-Semitic legislation

Question 11

how did Anschluss have an effect on the Jews?

Answer 11

there were attacks on the 200,000 Jewish population in Vienna

Question 12

when was Kristallnacht?

Answer 12

9 November 1938

Question 13

what happened on Kristallnacht?

Answer 13

• 100 dead
• burning of 200 synagogues
• 20,000 Jews sent to camps

Question 14

what was the supposed reason for Kristallnacht?

Answer 14

the assassination of Ernst von Rath by a Jew

Question 15

who spearheaded Kristallnacht?

Answer 15

Goebbels called for mass violence against the Jews

Question 16

why did Goebbels incite anti-Semitic violence on Kristallnacht?

Answer 16

he wanted to appeal to Hitler after making the mistake of having an affair with a Czech actress

Question 17

when was the Central Office for Jewish Emigration set up?

Answer 17

in 1938

Question 18

who oversaw the Central Office for Jewish Emigration?

Answer 18

Adolf Eichmann

Question 19

what did Goring and Heydrich set up in January 1939?

Answer 19

Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration

Question 20

how many Jews left Germany before the war?

Answer 20

half the population

Question 21

what did Hitler make clear in a speech in 1939?

Answer 21

he wanted the Jewish population to be annihilated

Question 22

how did anti-Semitism change once war broke out?

Answer 22

it took a massive turn for the worse with the start of the war marking the beginning of the Holocaust and the extermination of the Jewish people

Question 23

how many Jews did the Nazis inherit after invading Poland?

Answer 23

3 million

Question 24

what was a Jewish Ghetto?

Answer 24

areas used to house Jews in a city (Warsaw, Krakow)

Question 25

what division was responsible for wiping out the Jews through military action?

Answer 25

SS Einsatzgruppen
4 divisions

Question 26

how many Jews had Einsatzgruppen killed between between 1941-42

Answer 26

700,000

Question 27

what methods did Einsatzgruppen use?

Answer 27

Mass shootings into ditches

Question 28

Who wrote a report on the psychology behind Einsatzgruppen?

Answer 28

Browning

Question 29

what conference determined the ‘final solution’ to the Jewish problem?

Answer 29

the Wannsee conference (20 January 1942) which was chaired by Reinhard Heydrich and organised by Adolf Eichmann

Question 30

what had the Wannsee conference proposed?

Answer 30

the plan to kill all of Europe’s 11 million Jews by gas

Question 31

examples of concentration camps

Answer 31

Treblinka
Auschwitz
Sobibor

Question 32

who ran the concentration camps?

Answer 32

the Death’s Head unit of the Waffen SS

Question 33

how many Polish Jews survived after the war?

Answer 33

4000 of the original 3 million

Question 34

how many European Jews were murdered by the end of the war?

Answer 34

6 million

Question 35

examples of atrocities

Answer 35

• Lidice massacre for Heydrich death
• Auscwhitz conditions
• Amon Goth at Krakow