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Germany 💙 > Nazi foreign policy 1933-37 > Flashcards

Nazi foreign policy 1933-37 Flashcards

1
Q

what were the aims of Nazi foreign policy?

A
  • the destruction of the Treaty of Versailles
  • restoration of pre-1914 boundaries of Germany
  • union of all German-speaking people
  • creation of Lebensraum
  • establishment of a Nazi racial empire
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2
Q

what countries were home to German-speaking people?

A

Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania

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3
Q

what is the continentalist vs globalist argument about Nazi foreign policy?

A

continentalists believed that Hitler only intended to expand within Europe

globalists believed that Hitler also wanted global supremacy in places like Africa and the Middle East, as well as taking British colonies and eventually conquering America

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4
Q

who was foreign minister when Hitler came to power in 1933?

A

Constantin von Neurath

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5
Q

what were Hitler’s diplomatic aims early in his reign?

A

to build a relationship with Britain and Italy

to weaken French power and influence

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6
Q

which 2 events allowed Hitler to adopt a more aggressive approach?

A
  • Japanese invasion of Manchuria
    this showed the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations in cracking down on aggressive and unjustified expansion of nations
    Hitler believed he could perhaps get away with expanding Germany aggressively
  • the Great Depression
    Britain, USA and France would have to focus on domestic problems instead of looking at what is going on internationally
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7
Q

when did Germany leave the LoN?

A

1933

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8
Q

why did Germany leaving the LoN attract sympathy?

A

France had actually refused a proposal for Germany to have equal numbers of military strength as France

this attracted sympathy from Italy and Britain

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9
Q

when was the Polish-German non-aggression pact signed?

A

January 1934

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10
Q

how long was the Polish-German pact supposed to last for?

A

10 years

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11
Q

what was the Polish-German pact successful at doing?

A

it undermined a French alliance (Poland and France were allies)

it secured Germany’s easter borders while Hitler focussed on expanding it’s southern borders

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12
Q

what was Hitler’s view of the Poland?

A

he believed it was the gateway to the creation of Lebensraum in the east

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13
Q

what happened with Anschluss 1?

A

Austrian Nazis successfully attempted a coup in 1934
Nazis gave moral support
scared M into sending 40,000 troops to the Brenner Pass

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14
Q

what did M see Austria as?

A

a buffer state between Italy and Germany

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15
Q

what did Anschluss 1 show?

A

that Italy and M were superior to Germany and Hitler

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16
Q

what helped Hitler with his foreign policy after Anschluss 1?

A
  • things were going well domestically
  • the reclamation of the Saarland
17
Q

when did the Saarland return to Germany?

A

March 1935

18
Q

how was the Saarland returned?

A

a plebiscite was held which was legal under the ToV

19
Q

what was the result of the Saar plebiscite?

A

98% in favour of returning

20
Q

what had Hitler declared in March 1935 which broke the terms of the ToV?

A
  • formation of the Luftwaffe
  • introduction of conscription and a peacetime army of 550,000
21
Q

when was the Anglo-German naval agreement signed?

A

June 1935

22
Q

what did the Anglo-German naval agreement allowed Germany to have?

A

it allowed for Germany to have a navy which was 35% of the size of Britain’s navy

23
Q

what had Hitler achieved with the Anglo-German naval agreement?

A
  • detached Britain from the rest of the Stresa Front
  • increase in German naval power
  • improved Anglo-German relations
24
Q

when was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland?

A

March 1936

25
Q

what gave Hitler the initiative to remilitarise the Rhineland?

A
  • Italy invading Abyssinia
  • the clear weakness of the LoN
  • the British were not too concerned with Germany reclaiming the Rhineland
  • France had a general election and did not feel like intervening
26
Q

what was the intl reaction to Hitler’s remilitarisation?

A
  • the ToV and the Locarno pact were both overturned by Germany
  • no longer a buffer zone between France and Germany
  • French believed fortifications at the Magniot line would be enough to hold Germany back
27
Q

what was the German reaction to the remilitarisation?

A
  • incredibly happy
  • increased popularity of Hitler
  • reclamation of German land
  • destruction of the ToV which everyone hated
28
Q

when was the Rome-Berlin Axis signed?

A

November 1936

29
Q

what looked to threaten Hitler’s foreign policy ambitions domestically?

A
  • economic crisis in Autumn 1936 showed Hitler that Germany was not ready for war (needed four year plan)
  • conservative beliefs in the Army and Foreign Ministry advised Hitler to adopt a more cautious foreign policy so Hitler would have to get support in these offices to ensure his aggressive policy can be carried forwards
30
Q

what was Hitler’s ambitions with Britain?

A

he wanted to create an alliance with them but Britain was refusing

he sent von Ribbentrop as ambassador in 1936 to secure an alliance

he saw Britain as a long term ally in destroying the USSR

31
Q

what was von Ribbentrop’s proposal for an alliance and what were Hitler’s thoughts?

A

von Ribbentrop wanted a tripartite between Germany, Italy and Japan

Hitler did not agree and wanted Britain instead

32
Q

when was the Hossbach conference?

A

November 1937

33
Q

who attended the Hossbach conference?

A
  • von Neurath (foreign minister)
  • Blomberg (war minister)
  • three commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces
34
Q

what war scenarios did Hitler outline in the Hossbach conference?

A
  • go to war in 1943-45 when the Military would be ready
  • exploit the French and take Czechoslovakia
  • wait for the French to embroil themselves in another war and then attack
35
Q

what did the Hossbach conference show?

A

Hitler moved from a diplomatic approach to a completely military approach

36
Q

who criticised Hitler after the Hossbach conference?

A

Blomberg
Neurath
Fritsch

37
Q

who replaced von Neurath as foreign minister?

A

von Ribbentrop

38
Q

what happened to Blomberg and Fritsch?

A

Blomberg was accused of having a prostitute as a wife

Fritsch was framed for being a homosexual

both offered their resignations

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