Racial issues Flashcards
What was redlining?
The methodological modality of establishing a discretionary adjudication of the profitability of a particular investment via the color coding of maps of local geography. The primary framework of evaluation that was invoked in order to ascertain the profitability of an investment was the racial homogeneity of the white neighborhood.
HOLC?
The home owners loan corporation was charged with the task of delivering relief to individuals on the verge of defaulting on their mortgages by purchasing the mortgage and provisioning a new one. The were responsible for engaging in the constructionism of the redlining maps that were invoked and utilized by private banking facilities and alternative Government agencies.
FHA purpose
The Federal Housing Administration was plagued with the orientation of establishing mortgage insurance which was massively responsible for rectifying the financial inadequacies of the real estate market; radically altered the modality of issuing mortgages, such as the reductionism in the price of the initial deposit, extending the timespan of the mortgage being paid and lowered the qualifications and certifications necessary to endure the recipience of a mortgage loan. This invigorated and stimulated the building and lending industries.
FHA Underwriting Manual discrimination;
The Underwriting Manual espoused standards and guidelines for housing developers and FHA personnel to comply with; the guarantee of inharmonious racial groups from receiving a mortgage insurance or house in this geographical area. They also favored suburbian styled houses, thus explaining the tenacious incentivization for mass developers to comply with these evaluations to receive the mortgage insurance from the federal government. “incompatible racial groups should not be permitted to live in the same communities”
What types of facilities and agencies practiced the racial discrimination?
FHA, VA (Veterans Administration), United States Housing Authority, private banking facilities (business loans, mortgages loans etc.)
United States Housing Authority
Charged with the task of provisioning capital and subsidies to local and state agencies to construct affordably public housing projects. They mandated these projects be segregated by race.
The discriminatory practices of the GI bill
The GI Bill was responsible for assisting in the process of demobilization and the integration of veterans back into civilian society. The range of benefits varied from college tuition payment, stipends while attending college, affordable healthcare, accessibility to affordable mortgage and business loans. All of these advantages were almost exclusively available to white individuals.
What did the United States Sentencing Commission ascertain in their research?
Black men who commit the same crimes as white men receive federal prison sentences that are, on average, nearly 20 percent longer, according to a new report on sentencing disparities from the United States Sentencing Commission (USSC).
These disparities were observed “after controlling for a wide variety of sentencing factors,” including age, education, citizenship, weapon possession and prior criminal history.
How do the racial differences between the victims of crimes that involve capital punishment influence the conviction?
Another major disparity between race and capital punishment in the United States is that murder cases with white victims were more likely than those with black victims to result in a death sentence.
Study of 100 million traffic stops conclude what?
Relative to their share of the residential population, we find that black drivers are, on average, stopped more often than whites, while controlling for other factors such as demographics, age, sex, despite the attenuation of the likelihood of possessing contraband.
Even when applied to different subsets of data, the results “[showed] a marked drop in the proportion of drivers stopped after dusk who are black, suggestive of discrimination in stop decisions.”
This is significant because at night time, there exists a largely degree of intricacy discerning the race of the driver, possibly explaining the reduction of disproportionate racial stops.
What are some of the possible historical reasons behind the expansionism of single motherhood?
Incentives evoked by the welfare state, the liberation movement and women moving into the workforce, the invention of the birth control pill, the initiation of the War on Drugs and the mass incarceration that followed.
Rates of children within single parent households
64% black / 24% white children
What are the adverse ramifications of a child being encapsulated within a single parent household?
Worse educational attainment, larger probability of remaining in poverty, greater likelihood to consume drugs and alcohol, more likely to develop a personality disorder, greater participatory engagements with delinquent and nefariously criminal activity, far likelier to become incarcerated and discipline problems, greater potentiality of birthing out of wedlock.
Difference between black and white school funding?
More specifically, white school districts receive an additional $23 billion in education funding contrasted against black school districts.
Why do black segregated neighborhoods have access to worse educational facilities contrasted against white ones?
Approximately half of public school funding comes from property taxes. White dominated neighborhoods have more superior housing, therefore a more prodigious quantity of taxation that can be allocated towards education.
