Race/Ethnicity/Gender Flashcards
Tulsa Massacre 1921
Major resentment towards black community from poor whites, who resented the financial success that was emerging in tulsa, started when there was physical contact between a white woman and a black boy. after there was some rebuilding but it will never be like what it was.
Critical Race Theory
race is a social construct, and racism is not only an individual bias but in legal systems and policies.
Origins of racial classification
Blumenbach and Linnaeus. Linnaeus was a pioneer in taxonomy. (classification of organisms- based on geography) Blumenbach started ranking in a hierarchy based on perceived beauty & who he believed the earliest humans were
Race
socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society deem important
ethnicity
shared social, cultural and historical experiences stemming from common national backgrounds
ethnic group
group of people in same ethnicity
Advantages of ethnicity
-gives individuals sense of belonging
-ethnic pride and sense of self worth
Disadvantages of ethnicity
-creates conflict, prejudice and hatred among groups
tribe
large group in a traditional society consisting of families or communities liked by: social, economic, religious and blood ties
tribalism
excessive devotion to your tribe, usually accompanied by actions meant to denigrate (element of racism) other tribes
Prejudice
a set of negative attitudes and beliefs about a whole categories of people because of race or ethnicity
Discrimination
unjust treatment of different categories of people (age, race or sex)
stereotypes
mistaken generalization about people because of their race or ethnicity
Racism
prejudice, discrimination directed against a person or people based on their memberships of a particular ethnic group
Evolution of skin color
leading hypothesis: 1.2 million years ago to less than 10,000 years ago, archaic humans, including archaic homo sapiens, were dark skinned. At some point, light skin was a mutation but survived better due to production of vitamin D.
Why prejudice exists
-psychological explanation: authoritarian personalities- emphasize obedience to authority and low acceptance of people not like oneself
-Frustration/scapegoat: individuals blame problems on racial minorities, and scapegoat them instead of realizing real source
Explaining Prejudice
-sociological: conformity and socialization, people conform to which the society they grew up in
-economic and political: prejudice arises from competition over jobs and other resources and from disagreement over political issues
Role of mass media
-coverage of people of color fuels racial prejudice and stereotypes by presenting POC in a negative light. media uses POC in pictures more than whites.
Correlations
gender, education and region of country
changing nature
explicit racism has been replaced by subtle forms.
public policy
system of law, regulatory measures, courses of action and funding priorities concerning a topic that are enacted by a gov entity (SPENDING PRIORITY)
structural racism
public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations and other norms work in ways that reinforce group inequity
individual discrimination
individuals practice in daily lives
institutional discrimination
whole institution (housing, medical care & law enforcement)
pay gap (structure)
-lower rates of education
-lower rates of participation
-feminine jobs w/ lower pay
-discrimination was legal
pay gap (attitudes)
-less intelligent
-women should raise children
-cant hold power
-homemakers
1 SOURCE OF HATE CRIMES
RACIAL BIAS
gender
social and cultural differences in a society assigns to people based on biological sex
gender roles
societies expectations of behavior
gender identity
persons internal sense of being a man or woman
sex
anatomical and biological differences between male and female
primary sex characteristics
genetalia
secondary sex characteristics
hormones, and things that develop after puberty
intersex
people born with sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit typical definition of male and female
Margaret Mead
one of the first anthropologists to study cultural differences in gender. found gender linked attitudes and behavior differ widely one culture to the next
androgynous
contains aspects of both female and male
sex = biological
gender = social construct
glass ceiling
invisible barriers facing women as they try to advance in the workplace
glass escalator
the smooth path afforded to men with promotions in the workplace
feminization of poverty
more women are poor than men due to pay gap
benefits of being a male
-freedom from fear of being raped or sexually assaulted
- not experiencing job discrimination on basis of gender
Costs of being male
higher rates of:
-injury
-violence
-death
-lower likelihood of experiencing joy of parenthood
