Culture and sociological perspective Flashcards
Culture
artifacts and ways of thinking, feeling and acting that are a part of any society
“Expectancy Effect”
when someone expects a given result that causes the result to be unconsciously effected
Sociobiology
genes and other human biology that influence human behavior and values
Eugenics
the view that certain people are biologically inferior and should be sterilized
Elements of culture
-Idea and symbols
-Artifacts
Types of cultures
-non material (values and beliefs)
-material (physical objects)
-symbol (things that stand for something else: can be material: us flag or non: gestures )
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language influences thoughts and perceptions of people in a society (policeman should only be a man and not woman)
Values
standards of conduct (values shape norms)
artifacts
physical object that makes up a society’s material culture (cross)
Cultural Diversity
variation in elements of a culture that differ from one society to the next
Subculture
a smaller culture within a larger culture- definite division (amish)
Counterculture
A subculture whose norms and values directly oppose the larger dominant culture (hippies)
Cultural Relativism
belief that no cultures norms and values are superior or inferior to another
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to judge another culture by standard of our own, which adds to the though that our own culture is superior
Socialization
learning the culture
Looking-glass self (Theory of human development)
Children gain a perspective of how people perceive them, and can see themselves interacting like a mirror
Taking the Role of the Other (Theory of human development)
Children pretend to people when they play -> they learn how to interact with said character
psychoanalytic (Theory of human development)
personality consists of id, ego and superego and if child doesnt properly develop the id takes over superego
Cognitive development (Theory of human development)
4 stages of cognitive development
Identity Development (Theory of human development)
8 stages across life for identity development (first to mention adolescence)
Hierarchy of needs (Theory of human development)
humans are motivated by 5 basic needs and one stage must be satisfied to move onto the next
Agents of socialization
-family
-school
-peers
-mass media
-religion
Resocialization
dramatic change in a persons belief, values and behavior often caused by total institutions
Degration ceremony
designed to humiliate individuals to signify destruction of the old person and allows for social integration of the new person
