Race-Ethnicity and Inequality

Question 1

T or F, racial categories are made up

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Define race.

Answer 2

– physical defining characteristics we CHOOSE to pay attention to

Question 3

define ethnicity.

Answer 3

cultural aspects, language, nation of origin, religions, food

Question 4

define racial formation.

Answer 4

taking both racial and ethnic characteristics to form category

• • in the U.S. race was created w/ agenda to validate founding father’s equal claims while discriminating
• • unequal becomes part of categorization itself
• • structure built has lasted to today

Question 5

Why do we care about race?

Answer 5

– pigmentation is nuclear identifier since fair Black and still white, still used though

Question 6

T or F, countries are created

Answer 6

True, created so that there is a sense of belonging to the place that is made up, no one is 100% any race

Question 7

T or F, everyone is from Africa

Answer 7

True, some left earlier

Question 8

T or F, 2 Black people have the same genetic difference that a Black person and a white person do

Answer 8

True; also you can never really prove someone is in a certain racial group because the groups aren’t actually real

Question 9

Why do we see race differently?

Answer 9

• • socio-economic differences

- - discrimination history

Question 10

What are the different racial categories?

Answer 10

• • Black
• • Latin
• • Asian
• • Native American
• • Non - Latino white

Question 11

What is the significance of racial formation?

Answer 11

• • the significance is that this is socially constructed
• —> we didn’t make up the pigments however we chose to pay attention to it
• • so it’s probably a good idea to figure how racial formation plays into the structure
• ——-> race is one of the key things in order to create the arrangements that make up the structure

Question 12

Define white privilege.

Answer 12

– never felt as oppulence; enjoy not having to think about alot of stuff

– it’s much more moving throughout the day without having to think about extra stuff

– racial hierarchy and tension are not the same thing

• —-> ex: “white trash” –> we expect white people to be at the top
• —–> this reveals the element of white supremacy w/in racial hierarchy

– there’s also the optional tone of ethnicity when you’re white, this is diff when you’re nonwhite

– white people are more likely to not have race be their master status

Question 13

Who is the largest racial/ethnic group in the U.S.?

Answer 13

• • White people
• • 60% of U.S. is white
• • have largest political/economic privilege

Question 14

Define pan ethnicity.

Answer 14

• • all racial-ethnic groups are an ethnicities
• • when someone is white it can be a broad range of white cultures
• • people have been clumped together into these categories

Question 15

Define the Black racial group.

Answer 15

• • can also be referred to as AA
• • make up 13% of U.S. pop
• • second largest minority group
• • low levels of educational and economical attainment
• • Native Americans/ Indigenous are equal to this
• • growing Black middle class
• –> experience of being Black in America is very similar across the group and it’s also diff, based on socioeconomic status
• • Bougie
  • —-> experience of Black middle class Americans is diff from white middle class Americans
  • —-> large proportion of middle class Black adults came from a working class background
• • Black middle class are less likely to accumulate or receive a large amount of wealth
  • -> housing discrimination
  • -> harder to grow wealth/attain wealth
  • -> redlining is illegal but still a thing

Question 16

Describe the Hispanic (Latinx) racial group

Answer 16

• • Latin American pop. is growing
• • roughly 20% of the U.S. population
• • largest minority group
• • breaking it down to 3 largest groups
    
    • –> Mexican American
    • –> Cuban American
    • –> Puerto Rican
• -> Cuban American population is the most affluent
  - - socioeconomic attainment in on par with non-Latino whites
• -> Mexican American population is in the middle
• -> Puerto Ricans are the most economically disadvantaged
  
  • – less obstacles in coming to U.S. which plays a role in their economic attainment being low
  • – more obstacles –> linked to higher attainment

Question 17

Describe Asian American racial group.

Answer 17

• • make up 8% of U.S. population
• • highest level of college education
• • highest level of marriage outside of their racial category
    
    • -> mainly to white people
    • -> also considering socioeconomic status is equal to that of white people
• • have to be mindful of the fact that this list about socioeconomic status, doesn’t talk about political and cultural representation
• • also doesn’t account for the fact there are specific groups that are poor aka Hawaiians who argue that they should be classified as indigenous

Question 18

Describe Native American/Indigenous racial group

Answer 18

• • 2% of U.S. population
• • very disadvantaged group
• • poverty rates at bottom of distribution
• • high rates of intermarriage
• • least likely to marry outside of their race is Black women in particular
• • the least likely pairing of interracial marriages is Black and white

Question 19

T or F, dominant group is established by hierarchical aspect

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Describe dominant - minority relations (continuum)

Answer 20

– most heinous is genocide, the elimination of people based on racial/ethnic identities

– internal colonialism –> institution of slavery (systematic, extreme mistreatment of groups)

– segregation –> spatial and social separation of people on the basis of race/ethnicity

• • Assimilation –> when the dominant group absorbs the minority group
    - –> common theme is language
    - –> pluralism

Question 21

T or F, we’re at the state of assimilation of segregation, maybe even internal colonialism

Answer 21

True;

• -> the new Jim Crow
• -> prison industrial complex

Question 22

Define prejudice.

Answer 22

– the attitude or belief –> the behavior that comes w/ this is discrimination

Question 23

Define institutional discrimination.

Answer 23

• • a feature of social practices
• • when everyday rules/norms/practices/policies are what make up the discrimination
  • —> literally following the rules can contribute to this institutional discrimination

ex: the types of sentences associated w/ a specific drug

– as long as we have dominant group bad thing are happening

Question 24

Define microaggressions and what are the 3 types.

Answer 24

– happening at an individual level; can be entrenched institutionally

3 types

• • microassault
    
    • –> intentional, blatant, more overtly hostile
      ex: saying racist stuff, slurs
    • —> easier to point out as racist

– microinsult and microinvalidation

- -> usually unintentional 
- -> backhanded compliments; tone deaf stuff
- -> often don't realized you're doing it
 - -> attempting to smooth down racial tensions
       ex: not seeing color
  - -> trick and very damaging