Population, Urbanization and the Environment

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

• • can be anything

- - demographers study populations who share same geography

Question 2

What are the 5 questions that demographers study?

Answer 2

1. what is the size
2. what is the observed change/growth
3. population characteristics
4. age, sex, structure
5. distribution

Question 3

What are the three main demographic processes?

Answer 3

1. mortality (death) way people die
2. fertility (born) way people add to population
3. migration either add or subtract people form population

Question 4

How does the population change overtime?

Answer 4

– population moves from rural to more industrialized

Question 5

T or F, when a population becomes more developed it change

Answer 5

• • for most making it to 40, it was important
• • as population starts to develop more, mortality comes down first
• • if mortality drops but population is high, it grows rapidly

Question 6

T or F, in 1804 we hit 1 billion

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T or F, in 2005 we hit 6 billion people

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T or F, when mortality drops, fertility comes down

Answer 8

True, contracting society

Question 9

T or F, replacement rate fertility is around 2

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What are the few different measures that mortality has?

Answer 10

– how many we have + how many we lost

• • crude death rate: take pop. count for given year, pick one day and that’s the count
• • take # of people died out of every 1000 people in population
• • it is a blunt instrument
• • age is a major factor as to when we could expect people to die

Question 11

What is the age specific death rate?

Answer 11

• • take chunks of age and use same logic of crude death rate
• • do it over and over for each age group

Question 12

T or F, for mortality rate we choose one country as standard

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T or F, infant mortality rates are large components

Answer 13

– True, this is where the age at death is less than one

– mortality is important component for infant mortality

Question 14

T or F, in less developed population \s cause of death is more due to parasitic diseases

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F, in more developed populations, degeneration is the causes of death

Answer 15

true

Question 16

How are the measures of fertility different? (what is the crude birth rate)

Answer 16

– because fertility rate refers to the event of child birth

• • we have crude birth rate
    
    • –> take pop. one day for every 1,000 people this is how many were born

Question 17

what is the issue with the crude bith rate?

Answer 17

• • 1st problem is including men and women

- - only women can give birth

Question 18

What is the general fertility rate? (how is it measured)

Answer 18

• • removes men, only look at ages 15 to 49
• –> takes out the one’s who wouldn’t be preg
• • take for every 1000 people
• • break down into 7 age groups
• • look at all of the birth rates

Question 19

What is the total fertility rate?

Answer 19

– gives average rate of how many children women will have

 --> worried about baby girl bc they will be the ones to give birth

Question 20

What are the two different types of migration?

Answer 20

– if you move out of community but stay within borders it is called internal migration

– international migration is when you move across borders

Question 21

T or F, migration is affected by push and pull factors

Answer 21

True; some demographers count marriage as another factor

– largely important bc of relationship to fertility

Question 22

What are the four different phases of population growth?

Answer 22

• • stage 1: high birth rates, high death rates
• • stage 2: high birth rates, falling death rates
• • stage 3: falling birth rates, death rates low
• • stage 4: low birth rates, low death rates

Question 23

T or F, if we keep pushing back on degenerative diseases we’re more likely to make it to older age

Answer 23

true

Question 24

What is sex ratio?

Answer 24

how many males you have for every 100 females

– sex ratio starts higher and starts to get a little lower

Question 25

what is age composition?

Answer 25

• • average age: take everyone in population and find average age
• • what is % of people at different age brackets
  • –> youth dependents, working age, old dependent
  • -> 0-14, 15 to 64, 64 and up
• • 100x at rate of growth for different ages, only look at old people, their rate of growth is declining
• • dependency ratio
• -> how many dependents we have total, youth and old
  
  • • how many dependent per 100 people
• • worldwide we are getting older
• • demographic dividend, when fertility rates drop we get the dividend

Question 26

Where does urbanization come in?

Answer 26

• • connects to all of the processes
• • all of the people in the world, more people are living in urban rather than rural areas
• • urban areas have economic activity that is no agricultural
• • occurred partly bc of internal migration have spill over

Question 27

T or F, as industrialization goes up, mortality goes down

Answer 27

True, natural increase changes

– international migration towards urban centers

Question 28

define agglomeration.

Answer 28

– makes industrialized + city areas come together

Question 29

define metropolitization.

Answer 29

– we get places that take on urban features.

—-> natural increase

Question 30

T or F, with more urbanization comes suburbanization

Answer 30

true, getting areas like suburbs

Question 31

How does gentrification come about?

Answer 31

– with suburbanization we get exurbanization

• • middle of the city goes down
• • someone is like this is cheap
• • we get gentrification, very complex concept

– we get urban sprawls

• • higher SES move in and get property they flip
• • people w/ more money and large corporations
• • property value increases and some residents get pushed out

Question 32

T or F, responses to gentrification include protest

Answer 32

True