Health and Medicine; Family Flashcards
What is health?
- has a physiological component
- when the physical body is functioning properly
- can also include emotionnal and mental well being
- there’s a visual aspect meaning you may not be considered healthy based on the fact that the physical appearance deviates form the norm
- health could also be the absence of illness
T or F, health is socially constructed
True; diff ideas of what a healthy body looks like which is subjective
- often times healthy is associated w/ thin
- also the actual modality of how diff cultures respond to ailments
- choosing to respond to a body being sick or not doing well is a social value
- a lot of what we define as illness becomes an illness once we’ve found solutions to them
Define Illness.
- equals physiological state + human judgement
- - varies in the degree of subjectivity
What are the 3 categories of common forms of death?
- mortality rates vary from one pop. to the next
- when a country is less developed the higher the mortality rates and vice versa
- what causes death is also different between less developed and more developed countries
- Parasidic or infectious diseases (less developed societies)
- They degenerate (more developed societies)
- Something in social or economic environment that kill them (can be a mix of the two)
T or F, high mortality = high infant mortality
True;
Why? bc simple path
- it’s all about the average age of life
- parasitic or infectious disease is more likely to heavily affect babies
Define the institution of Medicine. ( as a social institution)
- medicine is a practice
- medicine as a social institution
- -> institution is a social site
- one that is in the business of preventing and treating illness as well as increasing life - expectancy
Why do we see doctors as special?
- a lot of training involved –> so much more than other people
- being good at what you do is a function of what peers will say/think of what they’re doing
- want to know someone will be there to take care of us
- power differential
- total power play
- ebbs and flows –> changes over time
- -> availability of knowledge
- -> other professions that make as much as doctors in such little time
- -> insurance companies
- -> pharmaceutical industries
- -> all of these start to remove the centrality of doctors
- ebbs and flows –> changes over time
What are the three empirical questions?
- does the level of development of a society have a correlation to the aggregate rate of mortality?
- -> answer is yes
- does the level of development of a society have a correlation to the aggregate rate of mortality?
- -Does that state’s involvement in making sure citizens get healthcare have an effect on health outcomes?
- -> answer is yes - Does a person’s social standing have any link to the average health outcomes
- -> answer is yes
- Does a person’s social standing have any link to the average health outcomes
What is the correlation between culture and health?
– our ideas of health on the basis of our culture will provide an interface on the Medicaid info we receive
Describe Family as an institution.
- social site in charge of managing
- - think of family as a social institution
Define family.
- a group that has some biological and genetic relation
- pool resources
- legal attachment: blood, marriage, adoption
- emotional bond/attachment
- last name connects to legal component
- quite often we associate family w/ household
- created kinship: assigned kin
- assigned and legal are the same
What are the diff. components of family?
- one comp. is in charge of socialization and reproduction
- another comp. is economic security
- provides social placement
- -> determines where you’re socially placed for life
- creates sexual regulation
- -> who you can have children with
- -> about marriage and children rules within family
- creates sexual regulation
Who is Andrew Churland?
- brought up the idea of public and private family
- - more specifically who pool resources and are somehow related to one another
What is the difference between public and private family?
- public side: caregiving and dependency
- –> children
- –> frail, dependent old people
- –> people w/ disabilities
adult siblings, aunts & uncles, couple w/o children aren’t considered family based on the lack of dependent
-
- private side (family)
- -> still that group pooling resources
- -> affective, emotional stuff –> the love, emotional support ( doesn’t come as an expectation until after industrialization)
- -> who counts starts to shift
Describe the effect Western society had on family.
– nuclear vs. extended
- -> nuclear –> parents and their dependent children
- –> usually think of this as 2 parents and their children
- –> daily economic life surrounds nuclear family
- -> extended family –> other people beyond parents and children
- –> multigenerational
- –> extended being much more common worldwide
- –> if you go w/in extended family parents and children still have that special relationship
- –> conjugal family
T or F, the three eras of divorce correspond to 3 eras of marriage
True
What was the 1st era of marriage? and the 1st era of divorce?
– Institutional Marriage
- -> duty, conformity to norms and adherence to patriarchal authority
- patriarchal authority –> land is key resources
- -> a way to ensure paternity
- patriarchal authority –> land is key resources
- -> important that patriarchal authority was part of marriage
- spiritual love and sexual restraint
– marriage was only for the enhancement of spiritual love
main grounds for divorce (restricted divorce):
- - adultery (women's was seen as grounds for ending marriage) - - abandonment - - divorce was very uncommon
What was the 2nd era of marriage and divorce?
- 1900s: Companionate marriage
- -> 1900s to 1960s
- -> marriage that starts to see men and women as different but equal parts components they contribute
- - have their own departments
- - men going out and covering economic and work aspect
- - women: covering domestic aspect
- 1900s: Companionate marriage
w/ industrial revolution we have new era of marriage that is centered around the separate spheres of men and women
- start to expect different things in marriage
- mutual respect
- sweet and affectionate w/ one another
- start to expect different things in marriage
New grounds of Divorce (w/ more expectations have more ways to fail)
- mental cruelty (withholding sex from husbands)
- failure to provide
Divorce of tolerance
What was the 3rd era of marriage and divorce?
- 1960s - Independent of Individualized Marriage
- -> how well it does on providing fluid gender roles
- -> sexual satisfaction
- promoting individual happiness and individual growth
- -> because there is so much expected of marriage —> start to get this mentality that people don’t have to commit to this
- ---> people began to fake grounds of divorce bc culturally (before) it was hard to understand divorce without their being a reason - ---> 1970s --> laws start to catch up w/ no-fault divorce
- 1960s - Independent of Individualized Marriage
– 1970s – era unrestricted divorce
Divorce rate
- high divorce rate
- 1979, 1980 at its peak –> 48% –> this was the highest it ever got
- higher-order marriages have predictability of 2/3 likely to divorce (remarriage)
- Around 1962 - 1979 sharp increase in divorce rate
- -> plateaus but then doesn’t seem to increase
- Around 1962 - 1979 sharp increase in divorce rate
Define interdepndence.
- having a person be apart of your growth
- my happiness and well being isn’t dependent on ,y partner but they are still apart of the equation
- understanding my partner is also a human being who has happiness and will being that is of importance to them
- my happiness and well being isn’t dependent on ,y partner but they are still apart of the equation
What are the stats of non-marital birth?
- 40% of children born outside of marriage
- pretty common
- people are marrying later but are still having sex
- fewer norms about sex b4 marriage and children outside of marriage
- growing instances of cohabitation, sexual partner living w/ you
- cohabitation more common amongst lower socioeconomic statuses
- –> increased likelihood of non-marital birth
- –> likelihood of divorce if they do get married
- cohabitation more common amongst lower socioeconomic statuses
T or F, cohabitation can be seen as a substitute for marriage
True;
- in Sweden this is the case
- however in the U.S. this hasn’t become the case yet
- in order for cohabitation to be swapped for marriage then it has to be a long-lasting union as itself where there is no marriage happening
- cohabitation as a precursor for marriage
- they don’t lass that long bc they either break up or get married
T or F, childrearing is common amongst cohabiting couples
True; 40% of non marital births are born to cohabiting couples
Why is there high risk of divorce in remarriages?
- mainly happens when there’s a presence of a step child
- structure of the remarriage
- incomplete structure for remarriage/step families
- –> rules and norms of interaction are less known and understood
- –> more competing interests btwn relationships
- –> higher level of conflict –> more instability –> leading to divorce
- –> ambiguity of the roles
- incomplete structure for remarriage/step families
