Race and Racism - Lecture #9

Question 1

What is Race?

Answer 1

It’s a social construction, and made of groups who share genetically transmitted traits.

Question 2

Why is race considered a social construction?

Answer 2

We attach meanings to those of certain races based on their phenotype and it reproduces unequal power relations.

Question 3

Race is not based on one’s genetic factors because we are 99.9% the same in our genotype

Answer 3

Main Point

Question 4

What did the Amal Klooney and Hasan Minhaj Activity tell us?

Answer 4

That definitions, categories will change over time which proves race is socially constructed.

Question 5

Arbitrarily touching skulls to tell race?

Answer 5

Blumenbach’s Taxonomy

Question 6

The genes that an organism carries

Answer 6

Genotype

Question 7

How do we determine one’s racial category by looking at them?

Answer 7

Facial structure, skin colour, etc.

Question 8

0.01% of someone’s DNA makes their skin colour.

Answer 8

Yet we determine the behaviour that someone will have based on that skin colour

Question 9

Hegemony of race

Answer 9

Race is seen as a genetic basis and dependant on your genetic makeup it determines where you are in the hierarchies.

Question 10

Sickle Cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs Syndrome

Answer 10

Some races may be predisposed to such diseases.

Question 11

Race is a social construction but there are effects that come along with race being a social construction

Answer 11

Real, material and symbolic effects (If someone believes it’s a social construction they’ll think race doesn’t exist so we wouldn’t have things like BLM).

Question 12

Assumptions and behaviours that manifest in hatred/contempt…inform institutional policies/processes/practices

Answer 12

Racism

Question 13

Oversimplified ideas about group of people

Answer 13

Stereotypes which leads into prejudice

Question 14

Actions towards these groups

Answer 14

Discrimination

Question 15

Racial categories constructed; process of assigning difference/value/place within hierarchies

Answer 15

Racialization

Question 16

Individual/Cultural/Institutional/Systemic

Answer 16

Forms of Racism

Question 17

Everyday racism, microaggressions. One’s racial group is superior in customs, values, etc.

Answer 17

Individual Racism

Question 18

Set of values/ideas that justify discriminatory practices.

Answer 18

Cultural Racism

Question 19

View people+cultures in the context of your own cultural standards and values and believing they are abnormal. (e.g. School Lunch)

Answer 19

Ethnocentrism

Question 20

It constantly produces an advantage for racial groups that are constructed as superior and it’s embedded within our society and laws

Answer 20

Systemic Racism

Question 21

How does it connect to Agency and Structure?

Answer 21

An individual agent may be able to say racist things and we’ll call fault at the individual agent, but we need to look at how it’s systemic and essentially produced by this structural broader forces

Question 22

Resist the idea that racism is a single isolated event

Answer 22

How to combat racism

Question 23

Reporting poor self-related health because of racist experiences is correlated to biomarkers of physical health

Answer 23

Health effects of racism

Question 24

Anti-Black Racism as Public Health Crisis?

Answer 24

Anti-Black Racism reinforced social determinants; worsened health inequities (low income, housing) when race is taken into account.

Question 25

Race/Knowledge, Popular culture, History/Structure/Context

Answer 25

Learning race and racism

Question 26

How the Myth of Black Athletes Gene Superiority would work if proven?

Answer 26

1) Systematically differentiate Black and Non-Black Population (99.9% same genetic code)
2) Demonstrate consistent and plausible genetic differences between populations
3) Clear link between those genetic differences and athletic performance

Question 27

Did not feel the pressure to change anything about Serena William depiction because he felt as though it made sense

Answer 27

Remember to recognize that this individual agent and his racist thoughts are not a singular event, but it has been built upon by a wider and broader history

Question 28

Sport is seen as diverse in Canada when everyone comes together to support, but peeling away the layers the unification of Canada through sport is a mirage

Answer 28

The relationship between sport and multiculturalism and how it ties to a nation

Question 29

Sport is a site for racism to be perpetuated and be hidden away

Answer 29

Hockey Reading about race