rabies

Question 1

what 4 things should you consider about rabies

Answer 1

a)it is in the Rhabodovirus family and the genus of lyssavirus

b) affects warm blooded animals
c) also known ad hydrophobia rage
d) 7% of domestic animals are infected while 93% of wild animals are infected

Question 2

wher in the world does rabies occur

Answer 2

it occurs widely throughout the world, a wide range of mammals can act as a reservoir host, by far the majority of human deaths occur within Africa and asia

Question 3

what is the annual human death toll

Answer 3

it is estimated at 23700 in Africa, and 31500 in asia which 19000 is in India and 98% of these deaths are a result of a bite from a rabid dog

Question 4

what are the 6 stages of the infectious path of rabies

Answer 4

raccoon is bitten by a rabid animal, rabies then enters the raccoon through infected saliva, which then spreads through the nerves to the spinal cord and brain. incubation takes 3-12 weeks and during this time it has no signs of illness, when it reaches the brain, the virus multiples rapidly, passes to the salivary glands and the raccoon begins show signs of disease causing the infected animal die within 7 days of becoming sick

Question 5

what should you consider about the prodromal phase of rabies

Answer 5

this could cause fever, changes in temperament and dilation of pupils. there are 3 possible end results, furious, dumb and hybrid

Question 6

what happens during the furious reaction of rabis

Answer 6

abnormal aggression, drooling, no fear unprovoked attacks, incoordination nd is fatal in 3-10 days

Question 7

what happens during the dumb reaction of rabies

Answer 7

howling, paralysis of lower jaw, drooling, tremors, progressive paralysis, coma and is fatal in 1-4 days

Question 8

what happens during the hybrid reaction

Answer 8

it is a combination of furious and dumb, paralysis but gradual, atoxic, weakness and fatal in 1-4 days

Question 9

what should you consider about the clinical signs of rabies

Answer 9

it must be kept in mind that these signs may not be present for 1 week to 1 year post infection

Question 10

what can be used for pre exposure prophylaxis

Answer 10

imavox, rabavert, and rabies vaccines inactivated

Question 11

what 3 things should you consider about post exposure treatment

Answer 11

1. possible only because of the lengthy incubation period
2. should be instituted asap day 3, 7, 14 and 28
3. the 3 variables are the site of the bite relative to CNS supply and distance from the brain, viral load and length o time from exposure to PE