Rabies (3) Flashcards
What is the family and genus for rabies?
rhabdoviridae
genus lyssavirus, vesiculovirus
Rabies is [DNA/RNA}
RNA, single-stranded
T/F: Rodents are considered reservoirs for rabies
FALSE
T/F: All mammals are susceptible to rabies
TRUE
What is the most common animal to contract rabies in the midwest and west?
skunk
What is the most common animal to contract rabies in Arizona and Alaska more so?
fox
What is the most common animal to contract rabies in the east US?
raccoon
Which rabies variant is spread everywhere in the US?
bat
What is the most common animal to contract rabies in Puerto Rico?
mongoose
What is the incubation period of rabies in an animal?
highly variable 3-12 weeks
humans have have one greater than 1 year
Dogs usually shed rabies virus in their saliva for up to _____ before clinical signs develop
5-10 days
What is the pathogenesis of rabies?
bite or scratch —> replication in muscle and CT at site of inoculation —> enter PNS at NMJ —> CNS —> encephalitis
What is the Milwaukee Protocol?
What are the two main categories of anima-to-human exposures?
bite
non-bite - surgical recipients of corneas, solid organs, vascular tissue
indirect contact does not constitute rabies exposure EXCEPT BATS
How is rabies spread human to human?
organ transplantation
What are the two vaccines licensed for human use in the US?
human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)
purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV)
What is pre-exposure prevention regarding rabies?
two doses of RV
follow-up
What is post-exposure prevention regarding rabies?
post-exposure prophylaxis: wound treatment, local infiltration of RIG, vaccination
post-exposure regimen
NASPHV recommends for domestic animals that:
all dogs, cats, and ferrets are vaccinated
remove strays and unwanted animals
T/F: There is a rabies vaccine for wildlife
FALSE - control is difficult
T/F: It is dangerous for humans to have accidental contact with animal rabies vaccines - injectable and vaccinia-vectored oral
FALSE
When are animals considered immunized post initial vaccination?
28 days
How do you control rabies in carnivores? Which ones?
oral rabies vaccines (ORV) for mass vaccination
raccoons & coyotes
What happens when an unvaccinated domestic animal is exposed to rabies? Vaccinated?
What happens when an unvaccinated livestock animal is exposed to rabies? Vaccinated?
How do you manage animals that bite humans?
be observed for 10 days
How do. you test for rabies in animals postmortem?
submit only the head or brain including brainstem
bats: entire body!
refrigerated
What is the primary rabies test postmortem?
PCR assay
How is international and interstate movement managed regarding rabies?
CDC regulated importation
prior to traveling need rabies certificate
