RABIES

Question 1

is a specific, acute, viral infection communicated to man by the saliva of an infected animal.

Answer 1

RABIES

Question 2

RABIES OTHER NAMES:

Answer 2

HYDROPHOBIA / LYSSA)

Question 3

AGENT?

Answer 3

RHABDOVIRUS

Question 4

A bullet-shaped filterable virus with strong affinity to the CNS

Answer 4

RHABDOVIRUS

Question 5

INCUBATION PERIOD

Answer 5

1 WEEK TO 7 and half months : DOGS
10days-45years : HUMANS

Question 6

Px is communicable ______ days before onset of symptoms until the entire. Course of illness

Answer 6

3-5days

Question 7

MOT?

Answer 7

infected animal carries the rabies virus in its saliva and transmits it to human by biting. The saliva contact with the person’s mucus membrane.

Question 8

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: (3 PHASES)

Answer 8

1. Prodromal / Invasion Phase
2. Excitement/ Neurological Phase
3. Terminal/ Paralyric Phase

Question 9

Characterized by: Fever, anorexia, malaise, sore throat, salivation, perspiration, irritability, hyperexcitability, restlessness sometimes drowsy, depression, melancholia and marked insomnia.
✔Pain at the site of the bite.
(Headache & nausea may be present)
✔Sensitive to light, sound and temperature. ✔Pain in different parts of the body. ✔Mild difficulty in swallowing.

Answer 9

Prodromal/ Invasion phase

Question 10

Characterized by: mark excitation and apprehension. Terror may occur, Delirium, involuntary twitching or generalized convulsions, drooling of saliva, tonic/ clonic contraction of muscles.
✔Patient may exhibit maniacal behavior, eyes are fixed ad glossy, cold and clammy skin.
✔Severe painful spasm of the muscle of mouth, pharynx and larynx. Attempts to swallow water or food.
✔Aerophobia ✔Death may occur

Answer 10

Excitement / Neurological Phase

Question 11

Quiet and unconscious.
✔Loss of bowel and urinary control. ✔Spasm ceases with progressive paralysis. ✔Tachycardia, labored or irregular respiration. ✔Death occurs

Answer 11

3. Terminal / Paralytic Phase

Question 12

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

Answer 12

1. Virus isolation from the patient’s saliva or throat.
2. Fluorescent Rabies Anti-body (FRA) provides the
   most definitive diagnosis.
3. Presence of negri bodies in the dog’s brain.

Question 13

Management

Answer 13

1. Isolate the patient.
2. Give emotional and spiritual support.
3. Provide optimum comfort.
4. Darken the room and provide a quiet environment.
5. Patient should not be bathed and there should not be any running water in the room or within the hearing distance of the patient.
   If IV fluid has to be given it should be wrapped and needle should be securely anchored in the vein to avoid dislodging in times of restlessness.
6. Concurrent and terminal disinfection should be carried out.

Question 14

PREVENTION & CONTROL

Answer 14

1. Vaccination of all dogs.
2. Enforcement of regulations for pickup and
   destruction of stray dogs.
3. Confinement of any dog that has bitten a person for 10 to 14 days.
4. Availability of laboratory facilities for observation and diagnosis.
5. Providing public education, especially among children, in avoiding & reporting all animals that appear sick.