Rabies Flashcards
Dogs account for what percent of rabies transmissions to humans.
99%
Rabies Incubation Period:
1-3 months; length of incubation period dependent on site of inoculation.
All mammals are believed to be susceptible to infection, but major rabies reservoirs are _______________.
terrestrial carnivores and bats
Clinical rabies typically manifests as 1 of 2 major forms such as….
a) Encephalitic “furious”
b) Paralytic “dumb”
What major form of rabies?
1) Ascending paralysis that is similar to Guillain-Barre
2) Lost of DTR & plantar reflex
Paralytic “dumb”
What major form of rabies?
1) Fever, hydrophobia, pharyngeal spasms, hyperactivity subsiding to paralysis, coma
2) ANS instability: hypersalivation, lacrimation, diaphoretic, “goose flesh”, dilated pupils.
Encephalitic “furious”
What would you suspect?
-Reported exposure (bite/scratch) from a feral or any animal in any country or developing nation in the past 90 days.
-Fever & chills with paresthesia(s) surrounding animal
bite site
Rabies
Rabies
Once clinical signs manifest, patients die quickly in the absence of ________________
intensive supportive care
IDC – Rabies Algorithm
Potential Exposure:
a) SVM in a rabies endemic area/developing nation with contact with _________________ is at risk for rabies infection.
b) SVM bitten/scratched by a wild animal regardless of _____ is
at risk for rabies infection.
c) A rabies case is far beyond the scope of an IDC, and requires immediate referral.
d) Patient should be referred to a higher echelon of care (via routine MedEvac) whether they have signs/symptoms of rabies or not.
e) Prevention should be focused on ___________ for personnel
deploying to areas of the world where rabies is endemic, or to whose workers who may be occupationally exposed, such as veterinarians and animal control personnel
a) animal saliva that broke the skin
b) location
e) immunization
True/False
A rabies suspected patient does not need referral if there are no s/s present.
FALSE
Patient should be referred to a higher echelon of care (via routine MedEvac) whether they have signs/symptoms of rabies or not.
Any suspected case of clinical rabies should be evacuated with extreme haste to where?
a major MTF with critical care capabilities
True/False
DOD personnel are to capture and/or transport an animal that appears to be ill or rabid.
FALSE
No attempt should be made
Common approach to determining if an animal is rabid:
Animal control will capture offending animal and place in isolation & observed.
-Offending animals that appear well will be placed in isolation for 10-14 days, observing the animal (if rabid) for signs of infection or mortality within this period.
Offending animals that appear sick will be put down (euthanized) and a _____ will be performed on the brain tissue.
necropsy
If the animal remains healthy & shows no signs of infection, the likelihood for rabies infection in the patient is ___
Low
