Leishmaniasis.

Question 1

What issue?
(1) Organism Type: Obligate intracellular protozoan parasites
(2) Prevalence: 700,000-1.2M new cases each year; found in over 90
countries in the tropics, subtropics, & southern EU. On every continent except Australia & Antarctica.
(3) Predisposing Factors: Chronic sand fly exposure, poverty, proximity to dogs/cats/rodents.
(4) Transmitted Via: Bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies

Answer 1

Leishmaniasis

Question 2

Leishmaniasis
Incubation Period:

Answer 2

2 weeks to several months and in cases up to 3 years;
some >20 years

Question 3

Leishmaniasis
Vaccine Preventable?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Leishmaniasis
Reportable?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Lethality:
1. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; __________
2. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis; ____________
3. Visceral Leishmaniasis: _______________

Answer 5

1. Maybe
2. Yes
3. Yes

Question 6

The most common manifestation of Leishmaniasis is ________________, which is characterized by_________________.

Answer 6

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, gradual-onset cutaneous
lesions.

Question 7

True/False
Normal sand fly bite reactions are pruritic but do not enlarge and resolve after several weeks

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What issue
Differs from normal sand fly bites:
(a) Begin as a pink colored papule that enlarges to a nodule or plaque-like lesion.
(b) Lesion ulcerates with indurated border and may have thick white-yellow fibrous material.
(c) Lesions are often painless
(3) Multiple lesions may be present
(4) Lesions gradually heal over months to years with noticeable scarring at site.

Answer 8

CL

Question 9

Clinicians should maintain a high suspicion for CL in any patient with __________________ that has been to an area where CL is endemic & the patient reports a history of sandfly bites.

Answer 9

chronic (nonhealing) skin lesions

Question 10

CL – Treatment
IDC Treatment/first-line interventions:

Answer 10

(a) Ulcer should be debrided and kept clean to avoid secondary
infections from developing.
(b) Bandaged & wrapped to avoid further wound contamination

Question 11

True/ FAlse
CL – Treatment
Any lesion with high suspicion for CL can be managed at the idc level

Answer 11

False
should be turfed to MO and/or MTF Infectious Disease dept as soon as operationally allowable. CL is not lethal; however, it does require care far beyond the IDC.

Question 12

The foundation of leishmaniasis prevention is what?

Answer 12

the avoidance of being bitten by sand flies in endemic areas.