Acute Infectious Diarrhea

Question 1

Diarrhea Definition

Answer 1

-3 or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period
-Caused by increased water content of the stool, due to either impaired water absorption, or active water secretion by the bowel, or both.

Question 2

Timeframe(s)
(a) Acute Diarrhea - ___________
(b) Persistent Diarrhea - ____________
(c) Chronic Diarrhea - ___________

Answer 2

(a) Acute Diarrhea - < 14 days
(b) Persistent Diarrhea - More than 14-30 days
(c) Chronic Diarrhea - > 30 days

Question 3

What diarrhea classification?
1) Presents with blood in loose-watery stools and fever.
2) Secondary to tissue damage to lining of the colon from certain bacteria, and/or toxins.

Answer 3

Inflammatory Diarrhea

Question 4

What diarrhea classification?
Watery stools with NO blood & absence of fever

Answer 4

Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea

Question 5

What vaccines are available for pathogens that cause infectious diarrhea?

Answer 5

There are no adult vaccines available for most pathogens that cause Infectious Diarrhea

Question 6

The _____ and ________ of the presentation can give the IDC clues to type of infectious agent and source.

Answer 6

The timeline & severity

Question 7

True/False
Vast majority of acute diarrhea cases are self-limited, whether cause is infectious or non-infectious.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False
Infectious Diarrhea does tend to be more common in older travelers than in young adult travelers.

Answer 8

False
more common in young adult travelers than in older travelers

Question 9

I. diarrhea Viral Etiologies:

Answer 9

(a) Norovirus
(b) Rotavirus (primarily children)

Question 10

I. diarrhea Bacterial Etiologies:

Answer 10

(a) Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
(b) Campylobacter jejuni
(c) Shigella spp.
(d) Salmonella spp.
(e) Bacterial toxin-releasing

Question 11

I. Diarrhea Protozoal Etiologies:

Answer 11

(a) Giardia
(b) Entamoeba histolytica

Question 12

Symptoms of what causative agent?
(1) Acute onset of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and non-bloody diarrhea.
(2) Other symptoms include body aches, headaches, and sometimes a lowgrade fever.
(3) Illness is generally self-limited, and full recovery can be expected in 1–3 days for most patients.
(4) In some cases, dehydration, especially in patients who are very young Norovirus (Norwalk virus)or elderly, may require medical attention.

Answer 12

Norovirus (Norwalk virus)

Question 13

What type of E. coli is “Traveler’s diarrhea”

Answer 13

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Question 14

What is the most common bacterial infectious diarrhea worldwide

Answer 14

ETEC

Question 15

True/False
(STEC) specifically, should be treated with antibiotics.

Answer 15

FALSE
NOT

Question 16

True/False
Treatment can prolong bacterial shedding for I. Diarrhea

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Tx consideration

Answer 17

oral rehydration therapy, antimotility agents, & antiemetics, depending on illness severity level

Question 18

_______ is considered for Moderate Travelers’ Diarrhea and should be use in Severe Travelers’ Diarrhea.

Answer 18

ABx