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RUSVM Special Species - FINAL > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lifespan of bunnies?

A

6-10yrs

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2
Q

What type of GI system do rabbits have?

A

Hindgut- fermenting herbivore

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3
Q

What type of teeth do rabbits have?

A

All open rooted (continuous growth)

Extra pair of incisors “peg teeth”

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4
Q

Male rabbits (bucks), testes descend at ___months

A

3

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5
Q

Female rabbits are induced ovulators.. how long is their gestation

A

30-33days

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6
Q

How many bundles of joy can a rabbit have?

A

4-12

Born blind.

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7
Q

What are reproductive issues seen in rabbits?

A

Post partum estrus
High rate of uterine cancer

Males spray and mount
- recommend neutering

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8
Q

Rabbits should be fed what primarily to maintain dental health and health of the large intestine

A

Fiber

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9
Q

What is the purpose of cecotrophy?

A

Provide B vitamins and amino acids produced by the bacteria in the cecum

—> cecotropes are timed with circadian rhythm in early morning and night production

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10
Q

Chalky white colour of urine?

A

Calciuria

It is normal to have calciuria, but when urine becomes sludges , it is not ok

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11
Q

Rusty orange colour of urine ?

A

Porphyrins

Normal

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12
Q

Your rabbit is not pooping.. is this a problem?

A

Yes!

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13
Q

How should rabbits be housed?

A 
Indoors 
Wire vs solid bottom 
Litter box trainable 
-it is normal for them to hang out in a litter box all day 
-do NOT give clumping litter

Water bowl or bottle
Chew things

Hide box

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14
Q

What conditions can you see that can be associated with a poor litter box situation?

A

Sore hocks — pododermatitis

Urine scald

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15
Q

How should you restrain/handle a bun bun?

A 
Minimalize handling 
Always support lower back — lumbar fractures are possible (L6) 
Prefer feet on ground 
Cover eyes 
Treat on floor
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16
Q

What are possible venipuncture sites in rabbits?

A

Lateral saphenous (good for blood draw)

Cephalic veins (good for cath)

Jugular (difficult )

Ear vein (cath)

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17
Q

What must you be aware of when giving IV injectable to bunnies in the ear vein? Owners might get angry over this.

A

Can cause ear sloughing (diazepam)

Marginal ear vein slough

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18
Q

How do you mostly administer fluids in rabbits?

A

SQ or oral

can give IV in shocky rabbits (gastric bloat)

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19
Q

What complications can arise from antibiotic use in rabbits?

A

Potential toxicities

Bacterial dysbiosis in gut
Diarrhea and inappences

Endotoxemia

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20
Q

What enertic pathogens are common in rabbits?

A

Ecoli
Clostridium spiroforme

—> toxin producers

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21
Q

What are good choices for antibiotics in rabbits?

A

Quinolones( enrofloxacin)
Sulfa drugs
Chloramphenicol
Penicillin : infect only

Caution with
Metronidazole and azithromycin

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22
Q

What antibiotics should not be used in rabbits?

A

Beta lactams
Cephalosporins
Oral penicillins
Mycins: licomycin, clincamycin, erythromycin

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23
Q

What type of antibiotics results in clostridum overgrowth?

A

Selective gram positive antibiotics

—- clindamycin, licomycin, erythromycin

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24
Q

What are signs of pain in rabbits?

A

Quiet and non-demonstrative
Hiding, hunched, not moving
Not eating

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25
What analgesics can be used in rabbits?
NASAID - carprofen, meloxicam Opioids - buprenorphine, butorphanol, hydromorphone Tramadol
26
What are the features of the rabbit stomach?
Simple stomach Large, non-distensible Low pH (1-2) Muscular pyloris—> Inability to vomit (most common cause of acute death in rabbits is gastric rupture)
27
What is the sacculus rotundus?
Ileo-cecal valve
28
What is the “intestinal pacemaker” called ?
Fusiform coli
29
What is the largest GI organ of the rabbit?
Cecum
30
What is the purpose of the cecum?
``` Fermentation of soluble fiber Produce cecotrophs (ceceals) —> bacteria produce amino acids, votatile fatty acids, and vitamins ```
31
What is the function of fiber in the rabbit GI tract?
Rapid transport to colon Separation of fiber particles Reverse peristalsis Different types of stools
32
How can you differentiate cecotrophs from diarrhea/ abnormal bowel movements?
Cecotrophs produced during night (circadian rhythm: 4hours after feeding) —> often seen in morning Consumed right from anus Odorous, soft, mucous covered Diarrhea— produced constantly
33
Cecotrophs are stimulated by a _____________ diet and are reduced by a ___________diet
High fiber; high protein
34
What are dietary recommendations form rabbits?
High fiber, low carbs Grass hay Leafy greens Low pelleted ration Low fruit —> high in sugar and promote clostridum proliferation and change pH Low in “treats”
35
What are diet-related GI disorders?
Gastric stasis Hairballs Impaction Dysbiosis Diarrhea Obesity
36
What is GI stasis? What are associated clinical signs?
Generalized ileus — decreased stool productions and lack of appetite —painful abdomen —hypothermia —shock
37
What other diseases can cause a GI stasis in bunny?
``` Kidney disease Neurodisease Dental spurs Obesity Arthritis, spine pain Pododermatitis ``` ``` Low fiber diets Stress/inactivity Reduced hindgut motility Abnormal fermentation PH changes (dysbiosis) ```
38
How do you diagnose GI stasis?
Hx and clinical signs Abdominal palp — distended cecum or stomach Radiographs Blood testing (esp in older rabbit — kidney dz)
39
How can you differentiate gastric blood vs GI stasis on radiographs
Gastric bloat — air bubbled Stasis— air within the intestine (cecum and stomach), food in intestine with history of not eating
40
How can you treat gastric bloat?
Gastric decompression with tube IV fluids and support High mortality, most re-bloat
41
What is the treatment for GI stasis?
Oral and parenteral fluids -LRS 75ml/kg/day SQ or IV GI motility modifiers - metoclopramide and cisapride - abdominal massage - exercise Pain management -buprenorphine (NOT NSAIDS) GI gas management -famotidine and simethicone Shock fluids if hypothermic Gastric decompression if bloated
42
What do you feed bunnies with gastric bloat/stasis?
If impaction — thin oral fluids NPO if bloated Low sugar formulations High fiber prep Oxbow critical care
43
What is normal body temp for bunnies? What does a low body temp mean?
101- 104F Hypothermia <100F => in shock! The lower the temp, the higher the mortality
44
How can you prevent hairballs (trichobezoars)?
Fiber in diet prevents accumulation
45
What should you look for if your rabbit has a diarrhea?
R/O uneaten cecals —> if normal hard stools are being produced —> smelly and get stuck on butt —> rabbit otherwise healthy and alert Wet mount for coccidia Eimeria sp esp in young rabbits Bacterial overgrowth
46
What are predisposing factors for pasted cecals?
Obesity and inactivity High protein — low fiber diet Painful rear end (arthritis or dermatitis) Neurologic disease Dental disease
47
What is the treatment for pasted cecals?
Removed adhered feces and shave fur Sedation might be needed —midazolam IM (can be reversed with flumazinel) NSAID if severe Correct diet Weight loss
48
T/F: calciuria is normal
True Can get excessive — rabbits absorb unlimited amounts of Ca from GI tract, independent of Vit D Have high levels of calcium in blood
49
Features of urinary sludge?
Severe crystalluria Sedentary rabbits Painful, dysuria Change in urinary habits
50
What type of urolith do rabbits get? What is the treatment?
Calcium carbonate | Surgical
51
What is the treatment for urine sludge?
Pass catheter Warm saline flush and massage Recheck radiographs SQ fluid and buprenorphine Home on NSAID Correct pre-disposing factors (diet)
52
T/F: rabbits, like horses, are obligate nasal breathers
True
53
What is the cause of “snuffles” in the rabbit?
Pasturella multocida and friends Affects rabbits of all ages
54
How do you manage upper respiratory tract infections in rabbits?
``` Deep nasal culture Correct environment Long term antibiotics Antihistamine/ anti-inflammatories Flush nasolacrimal ducts Treat eyes ```
55
What is the anatomy of the nasolacrimal system in rabbits?
Single NLD puncta - medially Tortuous duct runs along top of maxillary tooth root from eye to nose
56
What clinical signs can be associated with dacryocytitis (inflammation of the nasolacrimal tear duct)?
Chronic epiphora (tears)
57
What antibiotics are appropriate to treat respiratory disease in rabbits?
Quinolones TMS Chloramphenicol Azithromycin (use caution)
58
Sebaceous adenitis has a high correlation with what disease?
Thymoma Do chest X-rays
59
How do you manage a dyspneic rabbit?
Minimalize handling Place in oxygen Anxiolytics = midazolam Analgesia Parenteral meds Nebuliers
60
Rabbit presents with a head tilt, torticollis, and rolling.. what is your DDX?
Otitis media/interna | Encepalitozoon cuniculi
61
What is encephalitozoon cuniculi?
Obligate intracellular microsporidia (fungal) parasite Rabbit as natural host Acquired at birth and replicates in kidney Affinity for neuro tissue Head tilt, seizure, ataxia, uveitis
62
How can you determine phacoclastic uveitis vs cataract?
Cataract- blue tinged, cloudy eye Phacoclastic uveitis - rupture of lens capsule and enzyme leak out — hypopyon
63
How do you diagnose E. Cuniculi?
``` Clinical signs- head tilt, ataxia, uveitis Dwarf breeds Blood testing Kidney or brain biopsy (necropsy) R/O otitis interna (rads or CT) ```
64
What is the therapy for E. Cuniculi?
Benzimidazoles = fenbendazole or albendazole Bone marrow suppression Anti inflammatories Steroids to decrease immune response —>decease inflammatories in brain esp if neuro disease is present Combo antibiotics in case of otitis media
65
What are common dental diseases in rabbits?
Congenital incisor malocclusion Molar spurs and ulcers Overgrown crown and roots Abscess and osteomyelitis
66
How do you treat incisor malocclusion?
Trim (q 6-8weeks) Low speed Dremel with diamond disc Extraction
67
How do you treat cheek teeth malocclusion
Molar spurs can be ground down with a drill or ronguer points
68
What will you see on radiographs in a rabbit with dental abscess?
Osteomyelitis
69
Treatment for jaw abscesses?
Aggressive surgical debridement — thick caseous pus Remove all necrotic debris Packing, marsupializing, beads(cefazolin soaked packing gauze/ PMMA antibiotic impregnated beads, or manuka honey) Ancillary therapy: AB — must use anaerobic drug (parenteral penicillin) and analgesics
70
Common urogenital problems in rabbits?
Uterine adenocarcinoma Spirochetosis ‘syphilus’ Uroliths:bladder stones Calciuria: ‘bladder sludge’
71
What is the recommended treatment for uterine adenocarcinoma ?
Ovariohysterecomy Have a bicornate uterus and double cervix Can mets to lung, bone, and soft tissue
72
Constant hormonal release can lead to endometrial hyperplasia. Is it possible for this to lead to adenocarcinoma ?
Yes
73
Hematuria usually has what causes in rabbits?
Urolithiasis Uterine adenoCa Benign endometrial dz Cystitis (unlikely)
74
What is the organism that causes vent disease?
Treponema cuniculi (spirochete) AKA rabbit syphilus
75
Diagnosis of vent disease is done how?
Young rabbit Scab on nose and vent Biopsy PCR Response to treatment
76
What is the treatment for rabbit syphilus ?
Procaine and benzthine pen G (combi-pen)
77
What parasites are found on rabbits?
Ear mites: psoroptes cuniculi Fur mites: cheyletiella parasitavorax
78
What is the treatment for ear mites and fur mites?
Ivermectin SQ or selamectin
79
Can we give fipronil (frontline) to rabbits
NO

RUSVM Special Species - FINAL (5 decks)

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