RA4 DNA Flashcards
1
Q
3 basic elements of nucleotides
A
- Sugar
- Base (attached to C1 of sugar)
- Phosphate groups (attached to C5 of sugar)
2
Q
Nucelotide vs nucleoside
A
- Nucleotide = sugar + base + phosphate groups
- Nucleoside = sugar + base (NO phosphate groups)
3
Q
Ribonucleotides vs deoxyribonucleotides
A
- Ribonucleotides: contain ribose sugar, which has a hydroxyl group at C2 of sugar
- Deoxyribonucleotides: contain deoxyribose sugar, which has a hydorgen at C2 of sugar
4
Q
What are the different nucleotide bases?
Classified into purines (2) and pyrimidines (3)
A
- Purines: adenine, guanine
- Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil (RNA)
5
Q
A phosphodiester bond is formed between carbon (…) and carbon (…) of adjacent nucleotides
A
A phosphodiester bond is formed between carbon 3 and carbon 5 of adjacent nucleotides
6
Q
What are the complementary base pairs?
A
- Adenine binds to thymine or uracil
- Guanine binds to cytosine
7
Q
Hydrogen bonding occurs between…?
A
Hydrogen bonding occurs between:
1. A hydrogen atom from a polar bond (e.g. H-O, H-N)
2. An unshared electron pair from an electronegative element (e.g. N, O)
7
Q
What are the complementary base pairs?
A
- Adenine binds to thymine or uracil
- Guanine binds to cytosine
