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MEDICINE > RA1 > Flashcards

RA1 Flashcards

1
Q

CRANIUM

A

divisible into calvaria/neurocranium (upper bony structure that houses brain) & facial skeleton/viscerocranium

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2
Q

NECK REGION

A
  • conduit (join head to body)

- must be open as nutrient substances (food, gas) must pass from head to abdomen via neck

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3
Q

THORACIC CAVITY

A
  • split into 2 lateral components (lungs)(by fibrous pericardium) & 1 medial component (mediastinum)
  • lined by visceral/parietal pleura
  • organs split into resident thoracic viscera (always there) & viscera en-passant (exit compartment at dif. levels)
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4
Q

ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY

A

1 internal membrane sheet (parietal peritoneum) lines both cavities & they are continuous with each other (no bony boundary between abdomen & pelvis)

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5
Q

ANATOMICAL CAVITY

A

opening/dilation within confines & is a defined space with defined boundaries, shape, contents

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6
Q

ANATOMICAL COMPARTMENT

A

a separate sub-section of a cavity

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7
Q

ANATOMICAL SPACE

A
  • unoccupied domains in anatomical compartments
  • true anatomical space = occur normally e.g. oral cavity
  • potential anatomical space = don’t normally exist & are created by pathologies creating spaces that didn’t exist before e.g. blisters
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8
Q

PACKING OF TISSUES

A

skin -> superficial fascia (bind skin to rest of body) -> deep fascia (enclose organs & divide muscle to compartments) -> muscles -> deepest layer of deep fascia

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9
Q

ORDER OF NERVE ENVELOPES

A

endoneurium ensheaths single cell axon -> perineurium ensheaths nerve fascicle -> epineurium ensheaths entire nerve

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10
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE ENVELOPES

A

endomysium ensheaths single myofibril -> perimysium ensheaths fascicle (collection of myofibrils) -> epimysium ensheaths all fascicles of muscle (perimysiums) & its neurovascular bundle (runs in between muscle fascicles)

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11
Q

BONE

A
  • compact bone (solid mass of dense connective tissue) & cancellous bone (branching network of non-solid bone)
  • 5 types (flat, short, long, sesamoid, irregular)
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12
Q

FLAT BONE

A
  • made from 3 layers of bone; compact bone (outer table) -> spongy bone (has bone marrow) -> compact bone (inner table)
  • outer & inner table lined with periosteum
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13
Q

LONG BONE

A
  • bone longer than it is wide & has a narrow cavity

- surfaces covered with periosteum (lines outer surface of bone) & endosteun (lines inner surface wall)

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14
Q

PERIOSTEUM

A
  • generate osteoblasts of bone which give rise to osteocytes (secrete bone) & osteoclasts (break down bone)
  • has blood supply & has innervation from sensory nerves of somatic NS for pain sensations from bone
  • outer layer made of collagen (in contact with bones) & inner layer has the osteoblasts
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15
Q

CARTILAGE

A

covered in soft tissue lining called perichondrium which supports cartilage in the same way that periosteum supports parent bone

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16
Q

PERICHONDRIUM

A

has fibrous outer layer (maintained by fibroblasts) & inner layer (has chondroblasts which make chondrocytes which make collagen)

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17
Q

BONY SPACE

A
  • surfaces of bones onto which muscles, tendons, ligaments & soft tissue attach
  • can be fossae (pit/cavity in bone)
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18
Q

PARANASAL SINUSES

A

cavities within bones of head that open into nasal cavity & are lined by 2 layers of soft tissue; periosteum & secretory epithelium (ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

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19
Q

NEURONAL INNERVATION OF PARANASAL SINUSES

A
  • somatic sensory innervation (somatic sensations e.g. pain, temp, irritation)
  • autonomic parasympathetic innervation (increase secretions from nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses)
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20
Q

MUSCLES OF BODY ORDER

A

skin/epidermis -> muscle tissue -> epithelium layer (parietal peritoneum)

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21
Q

CRANIAL CAVITY

A

meninges divide intracranial compartment to 2 main sub-compartments (supra-tentorial & infra-tentorial compartment) & meninges receive somatic sensory innervation

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22
Q

THORAX JOB

A

provide nutrient substances to body & excrete large volumes of used fuels

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23
Q

ABDOMINO-PELVIC JOB

A

absorption of nutrients, excretions from GI & urinary tracts (has bladder)

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24
Q

BONES OF THORAX

A

12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum, manubrium, manubriosternal joint, xiphisternal joint, xiphoid process

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25
Q

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

A
  • muscles between ribs; external = superficial to ribs, internal = blends into ribs, innermost = deep to ribs
  • strengthened by interweaving grain of muscle fibres of intercostal muscle (all 90 degrees to one another)
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26
Q

PARIETAL PLEURA

A

lines internal surface of thorax body wall & is made of simple squamous epithelium

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27
Q

VISCERAL PLEURA

A

lines outer surface of organs of the thorax

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28
Q

PLEURAL CAVITY

A
  • space between the visceral & parietal pleura (filled with pleural fluid to create fluid seal between lung & ribcage) (too much fluid = fluid seal lost so lung is squashed within cavity (pleural effusion))
  • lines lungs & secretes fluid daily to act as anti-inflammatory
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29
Q

PNEUMOTHORAX

A

when air enters pleural cavity & lung collapses

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30
Q

SOFT TISSUES OF THORAX

A

pleura (parietal & visceral), diaphragm, intercostal muscles, great vessels, nerves, viscera, pleural fluid

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31
Q

BOUNDARIES OF THORAX

A

SUPERIOR - thoracic inlet & jugular notch (large visible dip between neck & 2 collarbones)
INFERIOR - thoracic outlet & diaphragm
ANTERO-LATERO-POSTERIOR - ribs (front, side & back)
ANTERIOR - manubrium, sternum & xyphoid process
POSTERIOR - thoracic vertebrae, scapulae (shoulder blade)

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32
Q

BOUNDARIES OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY

A

SUPERIOR - diaphragm & lower ribs
INFERIOR - pelvic brim
ANT-LAT - anterolateral abdominopelvic wall
POSTERIOR - posterior abdominal wall

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33
Q

PERITONEUM

A
  • parietal - lines inner walls of abdomen, diaphragm, pelvis (innervated by sensory division of somatic NS so pain sensations are sharp & localised)
  • visceral - lines visceral organs of abdomen (innervated by sensory division of autonomic NS so pain sensations are perceived as non-defined area of discomfort not localised)
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34
Q

PERITONEAL/ABDOMINAL CAVITY

A
  • cavity created between parietal & visceral peritoneum
  • structures outside peritoneal organs are extraperitoneal organs (formed as parietal peritoneum folds in on itself to trap organs & form an axtraperitoneal space)
  • split into greater sac & lesser sac (smaller & just behind stomach (full stomach gets rid of lesser sac)
  • omental foramen is bit between greater & lesser sac which allows for communication between them
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35
Q

HERNIA

A

protrusion (extension) of a viscus through wall of cavity in which it is normally contained

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36
Q

ACQUIRED HERNIA

A

caused by wear & tear of life e.g. childbirth

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37
Q

CONGENITAL HERNIA

A

present from birth & happen at points of weakness in abdominal wall

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38
Q

SPIGELIAN HERNIA

A

protrusion of intestine due to weakness between muscle fibres of abdominal wall (causes are sport, obesity, chronic coughing)

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39
Q

REDUCIBLE HERNIA

A

hernia with a bulge that flattens if you push it

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40
Q

INCISIONAL HERNIA

A

appears in hernia at site of previous surgery

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41
Q

IMPORTANCE OF THORAX

A
  • houses lungs, heart & great vessels

- musculature acts as bellow that deflate/inflate lungs

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42
Q

THORACIC WALL TISSUE LAYERS (SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP)

A

skin -> superficial fascia pectoralis -> pectoral fascia -> pectoralis major -> clavipectoral/deep pectorial fascia (separates pectoralis major or minor) -> pectoralis minor -> external intercostal muscle -> internal intercostal muscle & ribs -> innermost muscle -> endothoracic fascia (deepest layer & separates internal thoracic wall from underlying pleura)

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43
Q

TYPICAL RIBS

A
  • have head (has 3 tubercles (these make contact with 3 other bones), neck (separates head from tubercle) and body (body has an angle, costal groove & shaft)
  • the tubercles have facets & demifacets on them (to articulate with sites on heads of adjacent ribs)
  • superior costal facets articulate with head of its own rib
  • inferior costal facets articulate with head of the rib below
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44
Q

ATYPICAL RIBS

A
  • 3 of the 12 ribs are atypical (rib 1, 11, 12)
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45
Q

ANTERIOR ARTICULATIONS OF RIBS

A
  • RIB 1 - joins to sternum
  • RIB 2-7 - true ribs as connect to sternum using their own costal cartilage
  • RIB 8-10 - false ribs as costal cartilages join to costal cartilage number 7 to join to the sternum
  • RIB 11-12 - false ribs and these float (costal cartilages connect to nothing)
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46
Q

PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE

A 
CLAVICULAR PART (elevates shoulder, draws arm forward & simultaneously towards midline)
STERNOCOSTAL PART (same action as clavicular but also draws shoulder downwards)
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47
Q

SCAPULA

A
  • serratus anterior binds inferior aspect of scapula to body wall
  • spine of scapula divides supraspinous fossa (seen superiorly & covered by supraspinatus muscle) from infraspinous fossa (seen posteriorly & covered by infraspinatus muscle)
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48
Q

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

A
  • attaches on lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs &
  • supplied by long thoracic nerve
  • actions are extension & rotation of scapula
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49
Q

COSTAL CARTILAGE

A

gives the ribcage flexibility

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50
Q

RETROPERITONEAL STRUCTURES

A
  • organs just behind peritoneal sac (is extraperitoneal but called retroperitoneal as directly behind peritoneal sac)
  • sad pucker
  • adrenal gland, aorta/IVC, duodenum, pancreas, ureters, colon, kidneys, oesophagus, rectum
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51
Q

PRIMARY VS SECONDARY RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS

A

primary never had a mesentery (always been outside of peritoneum)(e.g. aorta, IVC, kidneys) but secondary once had a mesentery but lost it in development (initially intraperitoneal but became retro as mesentery fused with abdominal wall)(e.g. pancreas, duodenum, ascending & descending colons)

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52
Q

MESENTERY

A

a fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that suspends GI tract/intestines from posterior body wall

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53
Q

OMENTUM

A
  • abdominal structures formed from peritoneum. Visceral peritoneum covering stomach extends on both sides to form double layered sheets filled with prominent patches of fat
  • double fold of peritoneum that connects greater curvature of stomach to intestines (greater omentum) OR lesser curvature to liver (lesser omentum)
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54
Q

LINEA ALBA

A
  • attaches to xiphoid process superiorly & pubic symphysis inferiorly
  • separates abdomen into L + R
  • made by aponeurosis (takes place of tendon) layers of the surround muscles
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55
Q

MEDIASTINUM

A
  • the middle of thorax (between the 2 pleural sacs)
  • ANTERIOR - sternum
  • POSTERIOR- spine
  • SUPERIOR - superior thoracic aperture
  • INFERIOR - diaphragm
  • LATERAL - 2 pleural sacs
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56
Q

TISSUE LAYERS OF MEDIASTINUM (SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP)

A

fibrous pericardium layer -> parietal layer of serous pericardium -> pericardial cavity -> visceral layer of serous pericardium -> myocardium -> endocardium

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57
Q

TISSUE LAYERS OF PULMONARY CAVITIES (SUPERFICIAL TO DEEP)

A
  • pulmonary cavities (L & R) are separated by mediastinum & occupied by their respective lungs
  • endothoracic fascia –> parietal pleura –> pleural cavity –> visceral pleura –> outer surface of lung –> parenchyma of lung (has the alveoli)
58
Q

PERICARDIAL SAC

A
  • double walled sac containing heart & great vessels
  • outer layer is fibrous pericardium & inner layer is serous pericardium (Serous pericardium further sub-divided into parietal & visceral pericardium)
59
Q

PERICARDIUM

A
  • visceral pericardium forms outer covering of heart

- parietal pericardium is derived from thoracic wall

60
Q

PERICARDIAL SINUSES

A

lines of reflection between visceral & parietal pericardium called transverse & oblique pericardial sinus (posterior to heart in pericardial sac)

61
Q

TRANSVERSE PERICARDIAL SINUS

A
  • anterior to superior vena cava & posterior to ascending aorta
  • leaves a hole in heart where you can put your finger & not rupture anything (tourniquet placed in sinus to stop blood flow to vessels in surgery)
62
Q

HEART LOCATION

A
  • WHERE - in pericardial sac
  • ANTERIOR - sternum
  • POSTERIOR - trachea, oesophagus
  • INFERIOR - diaphragm
63
Q

LUNGS

A
  • attached to trachea by main bronchus & attached to heart by pulmonary vessels
  • divided into lobes (R = 3 (divided into 10 segments), L = 2 (divided into 8 segments)) divided by fissures which are further divided into segments
    LOOK AT RA1 WK6 - THORAX DIAGRAM ON PAGE 3/4
64
Q

MUSCLES OF ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL

A
  • we have three main muscles (external oblique, internal oblique & transversus abdominis)
  • between these 3 muscles (in medial aspect) we have linea alba, rectus abdominis muscle, rectus sheath
    LOOK AT RA1 W8 - ABDOMEN & VISCERA
65
Q

POINTS OF REFERENCE FOR 4 QUADRANT MODEL

A

Linea alba (the vertical middle line formed from xyphoid process (at top) to pubic symphysis (at bottom) & the umbilicus (horizontal line)

66
Q

EXTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS

A

organs that sit within abdominal cavity but outside of peritoneal cavity

67
Q

INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS

A

when organs are covered throughout their whole surfaces with visceral peritoneum (not just sitting within a peritoneal cavity but actually surrounded by it)

68
Q

BARE AREA OF LIVER

A

part of liver whose surface is not covered by visceral peritoneum (clinically important as has no sensory or nervous innervation (so any damage here is unnoticed as patient feels no pain))

69
Q

LIGAMENT OF ABDOMEN

A

any double fold of visceral peritoneum that joins any 2 abdominal organs (e.g., if one double fold covers stomach & then spleen) OR any double fold of visceral peritoneum that attaches a visceral organ to posterior abdominal wall

70
Q

SMALL INTESTINE

A
  • neuronal innervation via vagus nerve (CN X)
  • supplied by superior mesenteric artery
  • starts off as duodenum -> duodenojejunal junction -> ileum -> large intestine
71
Q

LARGE INTESTINE

A

blood supply to LHS (descending column) is by inferior mesenteric artery but ascending column & transverse column (right hand side & top) are supplied by superior mesenteric artery

72
Q

COELIAC TRUNK

A

branch of abdominal aorta (at L1) & supplies most of the blood to stomach

73
Q

TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON

A

transverse mesoderm that divides abdomen into supracolic & infracolic compartments
RA1 W8 - ABDOMEN

74
Q

INFRA-COLIC COMPARTMENT

A
  • ANATOMY - inferior to mesentery of transverse colon & superior to pelvic inlet
  • contains small intestine, ascending & descending colon
75
Q

PARACOLIC GUTTERS (L & R)

A

join supracolic compartment to infracolic compartment

76
Q

TYPES OF COLLAGEN FIBRE

A

bone contains type 1 & cartilage contains type 2

77
Q

COELIAC TRUNK

A

branch of abdominal aorta (at L1) that supplies blood to stomach

78
Q

FUNCTION OF PERIOSTEUM

A

lines bones & produces osteoblasts (produce osteoclasts/cytes)

79
Q

COMPONENTS OF PERITONEAL CAVITY

A

greater sac & lesser sac

80
Q

WHY LARGE INTESTINE HAS SACCULATIONS (LOOK LIKE BUBBLES)

A

due to the tenia coli (longitudinal muscle that is thinner than circular muscle)

81
Q

FUNCTIONAL OF PERITONEAL FLUID

A

to reduce friction between abdominal organs

82
Q

LINE OF DOUGLAS/ARCUATE LINE

A

horizontal line showing lower limit of posterior layer of rectus sheath

83
Q

STRANGULATED HERNIA

A

hernia has a compromised blood supply (due to compression)

84
Q

PARIETAL PLEURA TISSUE TYPE

A

it is simple squamous epithelium

85
Q

ANGLE OF LOUIS/STERNAL ANGLE

A
  • between T4-5 (at manubriosternal joint) & divides mediastinum into superior & inferior mediastinum
  • cuts through where trache goes into 2 bronchi & cuts where the arch of the aorta leaves the pericardial sac
86
Q

SCARPA FASCIA

A

deepest part of superficial fascia

87
Q

DERIVATIVE OF GREATER OMENTUM

A

dorsal mesentery

88
Q

PERITONEAL LIGAMENTS

A

2 layers of peritoneum that connect two organs to each other or connect organ to body wall

89
Q

AZYGOUS SYSTEM OF VEINS

A
  • return blood from lower parts of body wall into heart (useful for if IVC is blocked)
  • azygous vein, hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein
90
Q

FALCIFORM LIGAMENT

A

attaches liver to front body wall & separates liver into left & right segments

91
Q

TRUE PELVIS

A

the empty gap in the middle of pelvis (false pelvis is all the bones)

92
Q

DIAPHRAGM CRURA

A

tendinous structures that are part of diaphragm & arise from vertebrae

  • right crus is L1-3 & surrounds oesophageal opening to prevent reflux of gastric components
  • left crus is L1-2
93
Q

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

A

when fluid gathers within the pericardial cavity

94
Q

THORACIC INLET ANATOMY

A
  • anterior - top of manubrium/clavicle

- posterior - T1

95
Q

THORACIC OUTLET ANATOMY

A
  • anterior - xyphoid process/xiphisternal joint
  • posterior - T12
  • posterolateral - 12th ribs
96
Q

RECTUS SHEATH

A

surrounds the rectus abdominis muscle

97
Q

LINEA SEMILUNARIS

A

curved tendon intersection on either side of rectus abdominis

98
Q

OBLIQUE FISSURE

A

In the right lung, the oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe from the superior lobe and middle lobe. In the left lung, the oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe from the superior lobe

99
Q

ESCHAROTOMY

A

done if patient has very deep burns as they restrict circulation
- relieves pressure & swelling in the limb

100
Q

5 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BURNS

A

rescue (remove from danger), resuscitate (replace fluids), resurface, reconstruct, rehabilitate

101
Q

ASSESSING BURNS

A

ABC approach (air & breathing - give oxygen, check for airway burns, listen to chest) (circulation - replace lost fluids, capillary refill, monitor BP)

102
Q

SIZE OF BURNS MEASUREMENT

A

measured as percentage of total body surface area

103
Q

BONE OF SKULL WHICH HAS DEPRESSION THAT THE PITUITARY GLAND LIES IN

A

sphenoid

104
Q

TYPES OF CELLS IN POSTERIOR PITUITARY

A

neuroendocrine cells

105
Q

PERIOSTEUM LAYERS

A
  • outer layer is fibrous (has collagen)

- inner layer is cellular (has osteoblasts/osteocytes)

106
Q

HOW BONE GETS BLOOD

A

periosteum has blood & nerves as bone is living so needs oxygen

107
Q

INTERCOSTAL BUNDLE

A

runs in costal groove & is protected by the ribs as in innermost intercostal

108
Q

JOINT BETWEEN RIB 1 & STERNUM

A

fibro-cartilagenous joint (can’t move)

109
Q

JOINT BETWEEN REST OF RIBS & STERNUM

A

synovial joint

110
Q

IMPORTANCE OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

synovial joints are important as flexible for CPR & for chest to expand in relation to each other for inhalation

111
Q

CARTILAGE JOB

A

acts as a shock absorber

112
Q

VERTEBRA PROMINENS

A

c7 & is prominent spinous process

113
Q

COSTAL MARGAIN

A

WHERE COSTAL CARTILAGE 7 SPLITS OFF INTO 8-10 (attaches to diaphragm)

114
Q

CHEST DRAIN

A
  • insert into 5th intercostal space under arm but ABOVE rib (as neurovascular bundle is below rib)
  • treats effusion
115
Q

IMPORTANCE OF LOBES

A

if cancer, you can remove only one lobe if infected instead of having to remove whole lung

116
Q

LIGAMENT

A

double layer of peritoneum that 2 organs or one organ to a wall

117
Q

POUCH OF DOUGLAS/RECTOURINE POUCH

A
  • lowest point where free fluid accumulates in woman

- in the infra-colic compartment

118
Q

L+R PARACOLIC GUTTER

A

left has a ligament across it that is important as right paracolic gutter has fluid going up & down but in left paracolic gutter fluid doesn’t move up or down

119
Q

WHY IS LINEA ALBA BEST PLACE TO MAKE AN INCISION

A

as it has limited neuronal supply so it is best place to make an incision & not hit any nerves

120
Q

EPITHELIUM OF SKIN

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

121
Q

DIVISIONS OF INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

A

anterior, posterior & middle mediastinum compartment by pericardium

122
Q

JOB OF A BONE

A
  • provide shape (length + geometric attachments)

- muscle attachment (lever arm + metabolic)

123
Q

MEDIASTINUM DEFINITION

A

A thick partition of tissue at and on either side of the median plane in the thoracic cavity

124
Q

DIAPHRAGM

A
  • separates thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
  • attachments - (anterior - xyphoid process & costal margin), (anterolateroposterior - ribs), (posterior - lumbar vertebrae)
  • has 3 perforations (t8,10,12) for openings that structures between cavities pass through
  • 8 = IVC, 10 = oesophagus, 12 = aorta
  • attached to lumbar vertebrae by L (l1-2) & R crus (l1-3)
  • motor & sensory innervation is phrenic nerve (formed by C3,4,5 spinal nerves coming together)
  • superior surface is covered diaphragmatic part of parietal pleura
  • inferior surface is parietal peritoneum
  • learn attachments
  • attaches directly to ribs 11 & 12
  • middle of it is central tendon
125
Q

PARTS OF PARIETAL PLEURA

A
  • costal pleura (covers inner aspect of ribs, costal cartilage))
  • diaphragmatic pleura (covers thoracic (superior) surface of the diaphragm)
  • cervical pleura (pops out of thoracic inlet & lines extension of pleural cavity into neck)
  • mediastinal pleura
126
Q

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

A
  • fluid within pericardial cavity

- because the fibrous pericardium is tough, it can’t exert pressure outwards so it exerts it on the heart

127
Q

PERICARDITIS

A

inflammation of pericardium

128
Q

HOLE BETWEEN PEDICLES

A

vertebral foramen

129
Q

JOINT BETWEEN RIB & TRANSVERSE PROCESS

A

costotransverse joint - between tubercle of rib & transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebrae

130
Q

JOINT BETWEEN RIB & VERTEBRAL JOINT

A

costovertebral joint - between head of the rib, the superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae, and the inferior costal facet of the vertebrae above

131
Q

RIB FACET STUFF

A
  • typical ribs have 2 articular facets separated by crest & have a tubercle with another facet
  • typical ribs also have a costal groove where the vessels run
  • rib 1 has one facet on head as direct connection to manubrium & has scalene tubercle for muscle to attach to
  • ribs 11 & 12 have only one facet for attachment with bodies of their own vertebrae. they have no tubercles & both ribs are short & are floating as they have no anterior attachment to sternum (that is why they only have one facet)
  • ribs 2 & 7 connect to demi-facets on the sternum (small facets)
  • posterior surface of rib is closest to the costal groove
  • rib has tubercle (which has facets) & vertebrae has demi facets
  • superior facet of rib articulates with inferior demi facet of upper thoracic vertebrae
  • inferior facet of rib articulates with superior demi facet of lower thoracic vertebrae
  • tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae
132
Q

LAYERS OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

A

skin -> superficial fascia -> anterior rectus sheath -> rectus abdominis -> posterior rectus sheath -> transversalis fascia -> extraperitoneal fascia -> parietal peritoneum

133
Q

MENINGES NEURONAL INNERVATION

A

somatic sensory from trigeminal nerve

134
Q

NAME OF INNER LAYER OF PERICHONDRIUM

A

chondrogenic layer

135
Q

ATTACHMENTS OF STERNUM BODY

A
  • Articulates with the manubrium superiorly to form the manubriosternal joint.
  • Articulates with the xiphoid process inferiorly to form the xiphisternal joint.
  • Lateral edges of the body are marked by numerous articular facets (cartilage lined depressions in the bone)
  • Articular facets articulate with the costal cartilages of ribs 3-6.
  • There are demifacets (smaller facets) for articulation with parts of the 2nd and 7th ribs
136
Q

ORDER OF VERTEBRAL CANAL SIZE (SMALLEST TO LARGEST)

A

lumbar, sacral, thoracic

137
Q

MUSCULATURE OF STOMACH

A

outer layer is longitudinal muscle layer then circular muscle layer then oblique muscle layer

138
Q

FORAMEN OF WINSLOW

A

opening of lesser sac

139
Q

SUPRACOLIC COMPARTMENT

A
  • Divided into left & right sub-phrenic spaces by coronary ligament
  • Divided into left & right sub-hepatic spaces by falciform ligament
140
Q

CORONARY LIGAMENT

A

connects liver to diaphragm (and skips out bare area of liver)

141
Q

WHAT IS INSIDE OMENTUM

A

Between the two layers of visceral
peritoneum is found fat, peritoneal fluid and
white blood cells

142
Q

REFERRED PAIN

A

pain in diaphragm –> pain in shoulder

MEDICINE (27 decks)

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