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MEDICINE > NAS WK6 - SPINAL CORD > Flashcards

NAS WK6 - SPINAL CORD Flashcards

1
Q

CNS OR PNS

A

spinal cord is CNS but spinal nerves are PNS

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2
Q

VERTEBRAL BODY

A
  • anterior, weight bearing component of bone

- separated from other vertebral bodies by vertebral discs

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3
Q

VERTEBRAL ARCH

A
  • joined to posterior surface of vertebral body by 2 pedicles
  • roof of vertebral arch formed by R & L laminae fusing at midline
  • transverse process projects laterally on each side of vertebral arch
  • spinous process projects posteriorly & inferiorly from roof of vertebral arch
  • superior & inferior articular processes join to similar processes on adjacent vertebrae
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4
Q

VERTEBRAL CANAL

A
  • spinal cord lies in bony canal
  • ANTERIOR WALL - formed by vertebral bodies & intervertebral discs
  • LATERAL WALL - formed by vertebral arches
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5
Q

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF BACK

A
  • move upper limbs & thoracic wall

- innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF BACK

A
  • maintain posture & move vertebral column

- innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

CERVICAL & LUMBAR ENLARGEMENT

A

enlargement of spinal cord due to more grey matter as has the spinal nerves that go to upper (cervical) & lower (L2-S3 lumbar) limbs

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8
Q

SPINAL NERVES

A
  • emerge from vertebral canal between pedicles
  • each nerve attached to spinal cord by posterior/dorsal root & anterior/ventral root
  • after leaving vertebral canal, each spinal nerve divides into posterior/dorsal rami (small & innervate back) & anterior/ventral rami (large & innervate body except head)
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9
Q

DORSAL ROOT

A
  • sensory neurones carrying info to CNS

- cell bodies of sensory neurones are clustered in dorsal root ganglion at distal end of dorsal root

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10
Q

VENTRAL ROOT

A

motor neurones carrying info away from CNS

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11
Q

VERTEBRAL LEVELS

A
  • Cervical - C1-8
  • Thoracic - T1-12
  • Lumbar - L1-5
  • Sacral - S1-5 (fuse to form C1)
  • C8 & all other spinal nerves
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12
Q

CAUDA EQUINA

A
  • terminal cluster of roots below end of spinal cord where posterior & anterior roots of lumbar, sacral & coccygeal nerves pass inferiorly to reach their exit points from vertebral canal
  • from L2 - Coccygeal 1
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13
Q

FILUM TERMINALE

A

extension of pia mater & anchors spinal cord down to coccyx at bottom of vertebral column

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14
Q

how sensory receptors work

A

Sensory receptor sends signal into dorsal rami & then goes to dorsal root ganglia where there are cell bodies & then synapses into grey matter & by interneuron pathways it activates motor neurones in ventral grey horn & can go to dorsal rami

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15
Q

DERMATOME

A
  • area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
  • clinically relevant as we can test what damage has occurred at each spinal level by testing where each spinal nerve innervates
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16
Q

MYOTOME

A

muscle innervated by same ventral root of spinal nerve

17
Q

GREY MATTER

A
  • on inside of spinal cord & is made of cell bodies
  • posterior grey horn is sensory
  • anterior grey horn in somatic motor
18
Q

WHITE MATTER

A
  • white as made of sensory axons sending info to braun
  • dorsal funiculus (top bit) made of axons of fastest conducting neurones of body only
  • ventral & lateral funiculi (bottom bit & sides) made of axons of sensory or efferent neurones
19
Q

TREND IN WHITE/GREY MATTER

A
  • white matter decreases from cervical to coccygeal (as carries sensory info up to brain)
  • grey matter increases from cervical to coccygeal (as motor pathways are going down)
20
Q

MRI TYPES

A
  • T1 - fluids are dark & fats are bright

- T2 - fluids are bright & fats are dark

21
Q

MENINGES

A
  • PIA MATER - sticks to spinal cord & separates CNS & PNS
  • ARACHNOID MATER - rests against dura mater & is separated from pia mater at subarachnoid space (contains CSF)
  • SPINAL DURA MATER - the outermost membrane & it covers spinal nerves & becomes part of the epineurium of the nerves
22
Q

WHERE DOES SPINAL CORD TERMINATE

A

L1 - L2

23
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO SPINAL CORD

A
  • 2 sources: longitudinally oriented vessels & segmental spinal arteries
  • Longitudinal - consists of one anterior spinal artery (comes from cranial cavity) & 2 posterior spinal arteries (from cranial cavity & connects posterior roots to spinal cord)
  • Segmental - feeder arteries that enter vertebral canal through intervertebral foramen & after entering, they give rise to anterior & posterior radicular arteries which follow & supply the anterior & posterior roots
24
Q

VENOUS SUPPLY TO SPINAL CORD

A
  • 2 pairs of veins on each side
  • one midline channel parallels the anterior median fissure & one passes along posterior midline sulcus & these channels drain into internal vertebral plexus in vertebral canal epidural space

MEDICINE (27 decks)

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