RA 9275 Flashcards
RA 9275
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
is the process of removing pollutants from sewage or wastewater so that it can be safely returned to the natural environment.
Wastewater treatment
There are many processes that encompass wastewater treatment. In fact, there are almost 80 different kinds of treatment technologies. However, it can be simplified into three phases – (3)
phase separation
biological and chemical processes
polishing
removes solids and non-water materials, while biochemical treatment improves water quality by removing organic matter.
Phase separation
is a final step to adjust pH levels or decrease chemical reactivity.
Polishing
RA 9275
Philippine Clean Water Act Of 2004
Date of Approval:
March 22, 2004
Approved:
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Purpose:
protection, preservation, and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish, and marine waters
________has the advantage of being a relatively inexpensive and effective way of disinfecting water, while ozonation is more expensive but offers an advantage in that it leaves no residual chlorine in the water. However, chlorination can produce unwanted byproducts, such as trihalomethanes, while_______ eliminates bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants without producing any byproducts.
Chlorination
ozonation
is more effective than chlorination at removing color, odor, and taste from water.
Ultimately, the best method for water treatment depends on the needs of the water source.
Ozonation
-
- Free from…
- Must not contain:
- Contamination comes from:
Clear
Colorless
objectionable taste and odor
any substances/ organism, chemicals, radioactive materials
sewage, human or animal excrement, other wastes
Water Testing Laboratories
Classification based on service capability
Bacteriological Analysis
Biological Analysis
Physical Analysis
Chemical Analysis
Radiological Analysis (performed by Philippine Nuclear Research Institute)
Water testing laboratories
Certificate of Accreditation: valid for_____
(______: first issuance,_____: renewal)
3 years
BHFS
CHD
Technical Requirements
Physical Plant
PWDSSS
Permanent building
water/ power supply
Drainage
system/ ventilation
20 sq.m. workplace
Safety and disposal
Separation between neighboring activities
Personnel
Head of the laboratory
With______ training
With a_____
At least_____ years of experience in_____
management
PRC license
3
water testing
Personnel
Analyst
Appropriate______ degree
____years experience in
______ (water chemistry)
(Water Bacteriology)
Bachelor’s degree
2\ water testing
chemist/ chemical technician
Medical Technologist/ Microbiologist/ other allied health professionals
Personnel
Laboratory Aide
______experience on______ and _____
______years of college
6 months\ clerical support and sampling
2 years
Equipment, instruments, reagents, and supplies
ID AOA
Incubator
Drying over
Autoclave
Optical counting equipment
And other
Analytical Methods
Testing for________ bacteria
Present in the ______of animals and also found in wastes, and plant/ soil material
Water pollution by____ has disease potential
coliform
digestive tracts
: includes bacteria in soil, surface water, and human/ animal waste
: present in gut and feces, more accurate indication
: best indicator, major species
Total coliform
Fecal coliform
Escherichia coli
Analytical method
Presumptive phase:
__________
(gas formation within______)
Lauryl Tryptose Broth
24 - 48 hours
Analytical methods
Confirmed phase:
___________
(gas formation within_______)
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth
24 - 48 hours
Analytical methods
Complated phase:
___________ gas formation
LES Endo/ MacConkey:______
Single strength Lauryl Tryptose Broth
Gram staining
Quality/ Technical Manual
Types of analysis
handling/ acceptance of specimens
Sterilized glass bottles (clear,______)
Fill the bottle with____ of water
If from lakes, rivers, dug wells: submerge bottle to a depth of_____ below the surface
120 mL
100 mL
one foot
Specimen Collection
Clean the tap, flush for____minutes
_____the tap
Flaming with ignited_____
Swab soaked with ____ or _____
Flush the tap for ____minutes
Open sampling bottle and fill with water
Cap the bottle and label
Store and transport the bottle
1-2
Sterilize
cotton swab
chlorox or 100 mg/L sodium hypochlorite solution
1-2
Specimen collection labelling
date/ time of collection, water sampling code, name of collector
Specimen collection
Store and transport the bottle within____: cooler with ice within___
6 hours
24 hours
Lab report
(3)
Results
name of head of the lab and analyst
testing facility
Lab record (retain for a minimum of____)
Personnel records and analytical records
5 years
Quality Management
Internal quality audit every_____
6 months
Proficiency Testing
NRL:
EAMC
Presumptive phase:
Lauryl Tryptose Broth (gas formation within 24-48 hours and observe for turbidity)
______: Positive result.
If mag positive proceed to next step (______phase). If NOT, STOP.
Turbid
confirmed
Confirmed phase:
- Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth (gas formation within 24-48 hours)—
Turbid: POSITIVE.
If positve, proceed to_____ phase.
completed
Completed phase:
▪ Single strength Lauryl Tryptose Broth: gas formation
▪ LES Endo/MacConkey: Gram staining
▪ Best indicator culturing a water sample into a culture media. One of the media that would be used is Endo/MacConkey agar which can detect the presence of_____
▪______ indicates a POSITIVE result and indicates the presence of lactose fermenting coli form bacteria hence, there is a contamination in the water supply.
E. coli.
Pink colonies
Water Quality Management Area. — The Department ENR, in coordination with______ (NWRB), shall designate certain areas as water quality management areas using appropriate physiographic units such as watershed, river basins or water resources regions.
National Water Resources Board
