R4.1 Agricultural and Social Developments in the Countryside, 1929-41

Question 1

Stalin committed the USSR to collective farming in…

Answer 1

The Great Turn of 1928

Question 2

What was the initial emphasis for collectivization?

Answer 2

Voluntary collectivization, this didn’t work very well

Question 3

By 1929 less than … % of all farms had been collectivized

Answer 3

5 percent

Question 4

What did Stalin announce in December 1929?

Answer 4

That he would annihilate all Kulaks

Question 5

What was the “Urals-Siberian Method” and when was it used

Answer 5

In May 1929, the type of grain requisitioning that was enforced on all grain producing regions of the USSR

Question 6

What was collectivization like for poorer peasants?

Answer 6

They had a lot to gain from the richer peasants’ land, livestock and equipment. As well as share in harvests

Question 7

What happened in November 1929

Answer 7

25k party activists were sent out to find kulaks, however this just involved searching for hidden grain and enforcing collectivization.

Question 8

Who assisted the 25k party activists 1929?

Answer 8

Local Police, OGPU and the Red Army

Question 9

What was the main motive for peasants to collectivize

Answer 9

Fear, they had seen what was happening to Kulaks

Question 10

How did some peasants try avoiding being labelled as Kulaks

Answer 10

Destroying crops and livestock, adding to rural problems

Question 11

What did Stalin announce January 1930?

Answer 11

that 25% of grain farming areas were to be collectivised that year

Question 12

By March 1930 what percentage of peasant households were collectivized?

Answer 12

58%

Question 13

Why was a brief voluntary collectivization period in 1930 permitted?

Answer 13

Because the speed at which it was happening made Stalin think the locals were being too rigorous and confrontational

Question 14

What happened to peasants after collectivization was made voluntary 1930?

Answer 14

Many would leave with their livestock if they weren’t Kulaks and in October 1930 20% remained collectivised

Question 15

What happened in 1941

Answer 15

Collectivisation reached near 100% of households

Question 16

What are Kolkhozes created from?

Answer 16

combining small individual farms that already existed

Question 17

What are Sovkhozes created from?

Answer 17

Land that was once tsarist-era large estates, whilst members were landless rural labourers

Question 18

How was Kolkhoz pay sorted?

Answer 18

farm earnings divided by the number of labour days that member contributed

Question 19

How was Sovkhoz pay sorted?

Answer 19

classified as workers and paid a wage for their work

Question 20

Did both Sovkhoz and Kovkhoz allow privacy?

Answer 20

Both allowed private plots

Question 21

What were three similarities between Sovkhoz and Kovkhoz?

Answer 21

-Both required to meet high quota
-Price set for these quota were low
–After 1932, Kolkhozniks and Sovkhoz members were restricted by internal passports to stop them leaving

Question 22

What does MTS stand for?

Answer 22

Machine Tractor Stations

Question 23

What was the purpose of Mechanisation?

Answer 23

In order to increase the efficiency of farming, reducing peasants needed and letting them work in cities

Question 24

When were MTS established and why

Answer 24

From 1931, to provide seed and to hire out their machinery

Question 25

How many MTS were established?

Answer 25

2500

Question 26

How many MTS for every collective farm?

Answer 26

1 MTS for every 40 collective farms by 1940

Question 27

Who were sent out to advise peasantry on using machinery?

Answer 27

Agronomists, veterinary surgeons, surveyors and technicians

Question 28

By the end of 1938 how many lorries used in agriculture?

Answer 28

196000

Question 29

Were was most hostility towards collectivisation centred?

Answer 29

Ukraine