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Russian History R1,R4 > R1.3 Developments between the revolution > Flashcards

R1.3 Developments between the revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 6 reasons why the provisional government was weak…

A
  1. Associated with old Tsarist system
  2. Continuation of the War
  3. Petrograd Soviet had power
  4. Support of the Bolsheviks
  5. Failure to deal with problems (Kerensky’s mistakes)
  6. No Constituent Assembly
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2
Q

What 4 reasons caused the provision government to fail?

A
  1. It’s own mistakes
  2. The successes of the Bolsheviks/Lenin
  3. Actions by the people
  4. Actions by other groups (Kronstadt Sailors)
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3
Q

What were the Bolsheviks strengths?

A
  • Support from proletariat, soldiers
    and sailors (July Days/Kornilov)
  • Military power
  • Membership growth
  • Trotsky’s role in MRC
  • Lack of support for PG
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4
Q

What were the Bolsheviks weaknesses

A
  • July Days failure
  • Petrograd Soviet
  • Tensions within the Party
    (Kamanev and Stalin vs. Trotsky
    and Lenin)
  • Difficulties with April Theses
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5
Q

What was Lenin’s roles in this period?

A
  • Compromises in securing April
    Theses
  • Out of Petrograd after July Days,
    only returns in October.
  • Advocated for revolution to the
    central committee and got them
    onside.
  • Continued to send orders from
    Finland.
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6
Q

What was Trotskys role in this period?

A
  • Trotsky’s role in the MRC
  • Part of the July Days Bolsheviks
    who were imprisoned
  • Leader of Red Army
  • Chairman of Executive Committee
  • Initially opposed Lenin on military
    coup.
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7
Q

What was the Pravda?

A

“Truth” - A newspaper published by the Communist Party in the Soviet Union from 1917

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8
Q

What did Lenin do in April of 1917?

A

Published his infamous april theses

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9
Q

When did Trotsky join the Bolsheviks?

A

2nd July 1917

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10
Q

When did Kerensky become PM?

A

18th July 1917

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11
Q

What hapened in sept and oct of 1917?

A

-Trotsky becomes chairman of Petrograd Soviet
-Lenin attends a meeting of the Bolshevik Central Committe and his call for a Bolshevik-led revolution is agreed
-Military Revolutionary Committee set up under Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky

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12
Q

What are the 6 key themes in this period?

A

-Social
-Economic
-Military
-Political
-Ideology
-Individuals and Groups

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13
Q

Explain the social theme in this time period…

A

July Days: Dominated by Bolshevik banners, clearly showed support and recognition of Bolshevik ideas. Consequences of increasing economic and social problems in Russia - doubled grain prices, fuel shortage, closure of factories, loss of jobs
Kronstadt naval base: Sailors organised own armed demonstration using Bolshevik slogans in July. Spread to Petrograd and workers/soldiers joined them. Became violent and disruptive

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14
Q

Explain the economic theme in this time period…

A

Inflation: 755% in some areas October 1917

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15
Q

Explain the Military themes in this time period?

A

Kornilov affair causes
Trotsky headed the MRC (Military Revolutionary Committee) with Felix Dzerzhinsky

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16
Q

Explain what Kornilov affair causes were and how they were linked to military themes?

A

Desertions escalated after the failure of the Brusilov offensive, Kerensky appointed Kornilov as commander-in-chief to restore discipline, he reintroduced the death penalty for control. Popular right-wing, not bolsheviks

17
Q

Explain Trotskys role as head of MRC

A

MRC was 48/66 members Bolsheviks, 15/18 army garrisons in Petrograd declared allegiance to Soviet. 60,00 Baltic soldiers, 150,000 garrison soldiers, 200,000 Red Guards

18
Q

Explain the political theme in this time period…

A

-Kornilov affair consequences
-Provisional government: Little support by summer, failure to deal with problems
-Central Committee

19
Q

What were the consequences of the Kornilov affair politically?

A

Kerensky released the Bolsheviks from prison, armed and set them to halt Kornilov’s advance. Bolsheviks 200,000 supporters in October from 23,000 in February, majority in Petrograd, Trotsky as chairman. Kerensky is weakened and fails to deal with Kornilov, then sends out radical army units to front-line to weaken potential support for Bolsheviks

20
Q

What was the central committee as a political theme in this time period?

A

Lenin bombarded 12-man Committee to prepare for revolution, voted against a coup as Russia not economically ready. Trotsky suggested working through PetSov. Lenin returned to Russia in disguise and managed to convince the Committee that an armed uprising is the most appropriate, Trotsky agreed with Lenin but Zinoviev and Kamanev didn’t

21
Q

What were ideological themes in this time period?

A

April Theses - Lenin’s plans for the future of Bolshevik party in Russia - Highlighted the need for permanent revolution, no support for PG, end of war, power to soviets, redistribution of land to peasants
July Days - Lenin couldn’t support due to lack of organisation which threatened to undermine his credibility, he tried to keep it peaceful, PG crushed the demonstration and Bolsheviks blamed, this significantly weakened bolshevik power

22
Q

How did Bolsheviks and Socialistis treat April theses?

A

Not accepted amongst all, Compromises and efforts with workers and peasants helped, however he had a lot of work to do to undermine the PG who won the vote of confidence on 3rd June 1917

23
Q

What were the consequences of the July Days?

A

Lenins reputation damaged for running away, same with Stalin. Pravda closed, Trotsky and Kamanev arrested, Lenin accused of working with Germans

24
Q

Who was Kamanev in this time period?

A

Editor of Pravda, opposed Lenin’s April Thesis in the Pravda

25
Q

Who was Stalin in this time period?

A

Returned to PG in 1917 as an editor of Pravda

26
Q

What was Pravda in this time period?

A

It supported the PG and continuation of war, along with other left-wing socialists

27
Q

What was Lenin in this time period?

A

Out of Russia in exile for 17 years, Returned April 1917, Bolsheviks began to form own path, compromised on his terms in April Theses in order to gain favour with Bolshevik party and workers

28
Q

What was Germany’s role in this time period?

A

Took advantage of Lenin’s wish to return, assisted his return to Russia through Germany in hope he’d stir trouble and make Russia leave war

29
Q

What did Trotsky do in this time period?

A

Was key to final preparations for revolution as the leader of MRC

Russian History R1,R4 (16 decks)

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