R4: Literary Works and Essays Flashcards
Religion
Octave for the child Jesus as a reflection of his spiritual beliefs
Written at age 14
To the Child Jesus
Religion
To hail Urbiztondo (a great warrior) for the successful battle against Moros under Sultan Mahumat of Jolo
The Battle of Urbiztondo
Religion
The first sad sonnet about his painful experiences in his teenage life that led him to contemplate for the Virgin Mary
To the Virgin Mary
Religion
Uses nature metaphors to illustrate how religion nourishes and strengthens education to spread virtue throughout society, just as an ivy relies on an elm tree for support, or as dew nourishes meadow flowers
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
Religion
About the triumphant entry of King Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella II of Castile into the city of Granada, Spain
Triumphant Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada
Religion
A one-act zarzuela that wrestles with faith and doubt in a Christian convert, questioning salvation and the true path amidst the backdrop of a pagan past.
Beside the Pasig
For the women he loved
Showcases the beauty, purity, and grace of a woman who stands out among her peers
Flowers among Flowers
Had no clear addressee
For the women he loved
Written for Leonor Rivera as Rizal left for Spain in 1882
Goodbye to Leonor
For the women he loved
A poem where Rizal bemoans the unrequited love he felt between him and Consuelo Ortega y Rey
To Ms. C. O. y R.
For the women he loved
Sung by Maria Clara’s character in NMT describing the beauty of one’s homeland and the sweetness of death endured for one’s nation
Song of Maria Clara
For the women he loved
A letter of reassurance written for his dulce extranjera (sweet foreigner) for their long distance relationship
Josephine, Josephine
For his family
First poem written in Ateneo in honor of his mother’s birthday
My First Inspiration
For his family
For Antonio Lopez, Narcisa’s husband (his brother-in-law), in recognition of his good deeds
Felicitation
For his family
A declamation piece he wrote upon the request of the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, reminiscing his childhood
They Asked Me For Verses
For his family
A poetic prayer that centers on a forget-me-not (a light blue spring flower) that evoked strong memories of his motherland’s beauty and resilience
This flower metaphorically reminds him of the Philippines while studying in Germany
To the Flowers of Heidelberg
For his family
A poem driven by emotional agony towards his family’s situation back at home while in Brussels
To My Muse
For his family
Requested by his mother as a narrative account on his tranquil life of exile in Dapitan
He lived a well-rounded life as a farmer, teacher, and merchant
My Retreat
For his family
His most celebrated poetic tribute to the country written the night before his execution
Previously entitled but renamed by Fr. Mariano Dacanay
My Last Farewell
Mi Ultimo Adios
For his family
A bitter attack against the friars for denying a Christian burial to a deceased Mariano Herbosa in Calamba for reasons of being affiliated to Rizal
Desecration/Profanation
For his friends
A birthday tribute he wrote for an Ateneo rector
Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon
For his friends
A hymn created for the people of Lipa, Batangas to help reshape the moral and ethical values of the once Spanish-conquered society
Requested as a reaction to Spain’s passing of the 1888 Becerra Law allowing Filipinos to govern themselves and hold elections
Hymn To Labor
For his friends
A toast (Brindis) and veiled commentary delivered in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo for bagging recognition in a prestigious Madrid art exhibit
Lighting a Dark Society
Brindis
For his friends
A witty defense of Blumentritt from the libelous attacks of his enemies
Cruelty
For his friends
In defense of Antonio Luna who was ridiculed by Pablo Mir Deas in the El Pueblo Soberano (Barcelona newspaper)
Inconsequences
In response to an anti-Filipino write-up by Patricio de la Escosura in an issue of La Defensa, refuting his views and redirecting the reader’s attention to the insidious influences of the friars to the country
A La Defensa
For the country
One of his works that champions education as the key to national progress, moral development, and societal freedom
Through Education, the Country Receives Light
For the country
A martial poem about the Battle of Lucena and the defeat and capture of Boabdil, the last Moorish sultan of Granada
The Captivity and Triumph
For the country
A one-act allegorical play portraying Olympian gods debating on the merits of a work that criticized colonial education while advocating for Filipino identity
Councils of the Gods
For the country
Displays a nationalistic sentiment, glorifying the beauty and allure of the Philippines through personification and natural imagery.
To the Philippines
For the country
An optimistic and powerful love song about the Philippines trying to liberate itself from Spanish injustice and bondage
Kundiman
For the country
An excerpt that Basilio recites in the EF reflective of Spanish control over Philippine domain
Opposing elements chosen as representations (Spain = fire, Philippines = water) demonstrate their sheer immicsibility and inability to come together for a greater cause
Water and Fire
For the country
First article written on Spanish soil and published in the Diyaryong Tagalog as Laong Laan
Established and extended his call for nationalism to his compatriots in Spain
Love of Country
For the country
A four-part socio-political commentary on the situation of the Philippines under Spanish rule that analyzed the Spanish policy as a significant hindrance to Philippine progress
Was also published in La Solidaridad
The Philippines, a Century Hence
For the country
A speech delivered at a lodge meeting for freemasons which emphasized the importance of those aforementioned concepts in achieving progress and uplifting society
Science, Virtue, and Labor
For the country
A reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez in La Patria (Madrid newspaper), addressing allegations that the provision of reforms to the Philippines would devastate the diplomatic rule of the Catholic friars
New Facts / New Truths
For the country
An annotated work of Antonio de Morga about Spain’s colonization of the country to provide context and debunk misconceptions about pre-colonical Philippine history and culture
Sucesos Delas Islas Filipinas
Events of the Philippine Islands: An Annotation
For his countrymen
A controversial Tagalog poem that was believed to be written at age 8; published posthumously
To My Fellow Children
For his countrymen
To express love and appreciation for his hometown Calamba
In Memory of My Town
For his countrymen
A poem that reveals Rizal’s stance on religion and how he encourages it to leverage education by supplying intellectual and spiritual nourishment
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
For his countrymen
An entry to the Liceo Artistico-Literario that was recognized as “impressive” by Spanish literary authorities
Was the foremost literary piece to display the nationalistic belief that Filipinos were the fair hope of the fatherland (Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan)
First presented in UST
To the Filipino Youth
Alternatively: To The Philippine Youth
For his countrymen
A poem dedicated to Lipeños, who were working hard for the country
Emphasizes the importance of labor in society
Agriculture is the solution to poverty and the road to progress
Hymn to Labor
For his countrymen
Rizal’s view on the government’s land-grabbing without compensation which drew attention to farmers’ plight
The Filipino Farmers
For his countrymen
To oppose insults, charges, and accusations imposed by the Spaniards against natives that they were ignorant and depraved
The Truth For All
For his countrymen
A reply to a biased article (“old truths”) in La Patria that ridiculed Filipinos asking for reforms
Differences
For his countrymen
Denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spanish against the brown Filipinos; instead, he conveyed his gratitude and tribute for the agony of the country
Tears and Laughters
For his countrymen
Encouraged 20 young women in Malolos who petitioned to open a night school for education to have strong moral convictions that will empower them to stand up for their rights and refuse to submit to oppressors
To the Young Women of Malolos
For his countrymen
An annotated work of Antonio de Morga about Spain’s colonization of the country to provide context and debunk misconceptions about pre-colonical Philippine history and culture
Sucesos Delas Islas Filipinas
Events of the Philippine Islands: An Annotation
For his countrymen
A reply to Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler who upon visiting Calamba called him “ungrateful”
Clarified that fighting for equality and justice should not be seen as rebellion
Ingratitudes
For his countrymen
Rationally challenged the stereotype of Filipinos being lazy, arguing that colonialism was the root cause of Filipinos’ lack of motivation, such as:
1. Limited educational opportunities
2. Forced labor systems
3. A stifling social structure
Indolence of the Filipinos
For his countrymen
A letter explaining his decision to leave the Philippine and go into exile
To My Countrymen
For his countrymen
Outlined the organization’s objectives, structure, and principles; deemed as the most important writing Rizal had made during his Hong Kong stay
The conception and establishment of the LLF was initially credited to Jose Ma. Basa
The Constitution of the La Liga Filipina
For his countrymen
An essay condemning the actions of the Katipunan in their attempt to stage a bloody rebellion against Spanish injustice
Explained how such such approach would be counterproductive to their true goal, suggesting education to free them from domination
Rizal’s Manifesto to His People
Education
Uses nature metaphors to illustrate how religion nourishes and strengthens education to spread virtue throughout society, just as an ivy relies on an elm tree for support, or as dew nourishes meadow flowers
Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
Education
One of his works that champions education as the key to national progress, moral development, and societal freedom
Through Education, the Country Receives Light
Education
A hymn written for his pupils in the town of Talisay, Dapitan, where they sang its tune by a tree that became their rendezvous
to let them know that they are still capable of doing something despite the late education
Hymn to Talisay
Education
Exposed the futile conditions of elementary instruction (Spanish) in Philippine schools, a basic text medium that was discouraged for their poor effects on young students
Written as Laong Laan after his grand tour of Europe
The Town Schools of the Philippines
For detractors and enemies
Exposed Vicente Barrantes’ (A Spanish academician) ignorance on the Tagalog theatrical art
Vicente Barrantes Teatro Tagalo
For detractors and enemies
Manuscripts given to M. H. Del Pilar
Defense of the Noli
For detractors and enemies
A satire pamphlet depicting a fictional spirited dialogue between St. Augustine and Fr. Rodriguez where the former was commissioned by God to remind the latter of his stupidity so that all men may laugh at him
Written as Dimas Alang and published in Barcelona
The Vision of Fray Rodriguez
For detractors and enemies
A satirical phone call between a monk, Font (one of the priests who masterminded the banning of the Noli) and the provincial friar of the San Agustin Convent in Manila
So essentially it mocks a friar chatting with a monk long-distance about banning a book
Sort of predicted overseas telephonic conversations
Por Telefono
For detractors and enemies
An article containing 14 proverbs, 8 riddles, 2 poems, and puzzles
Specimens of the Tagal Folklore
For the students
Last poem written by Rizal in Ateneo
A poignant tribute for his experiences and his classmates before graduation
A Farewell Dialogue of the Students
For the students
A hymn written for his pupils in the town of Talisay, Dapitan, where they sang its tune by a tree that became their rendezvous
to let them know that they are still capable of doing something despite the late education
Hymn To Talisay
For the students
Exposed the futile conditions of elementary instruction (Spanish) in Philippine schools, a basic text medium that was discouraged for their poor effects on young students
Written as Laong Laan after his grand tour of Europe
The Town Schools in the Philippines
Travels
A poem describing the embarkation of Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet as they set sail from Barrameda to conquer unknown lands
The Departure: A Hymn to Ferdinand Magellan’s Fleet
Travels
About Juan Sebastian Elcano (Magellan’s second-in-command) who took over the voyage when his master died in Mactan
The First to Circumnavigate the World
Travels
A poem of praise to Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America
The Heroism of Columbus
Travels
A legend in verse of the tragic life of Columbus
Great Solace in Great Misfortune
Travels
Speaks of Rizal’s homesickness despite his enjoyment of freedom abroad
Being a traveller encounters a lot of obstacles but it is important how we learn to manage them
Song of the Traveller / Song of the Wanderer
Travels
Was returned to him because Diariong Tagalog had ceased publications due to lack of funds
Review of Madrid
Travels
Tackled the rewards gained by people who have traveled to many places in the world
Travels
Travels
Rizal’s newspaper article exposes the brutality of Spanish prisons by comparing it to the humane conditions found in Hong Kong’s longest-running colonial prison
A Visit to Victoria Gaol
