qupo Flashcards
Why is the name “Porifera” appropriate for sponges?
Porifera – “pore bearer”
Sponges filter water through pore-like structures called ostium
What is another name for collar cells?
Choanocytes
Why are sponges classified as animals?
Sponges are multicellular eukaryotes that lack cell walls and are heterotrophic.
How do sponges use water for all their life functions?
Sponges are sessile creatures that filter nutrients and oxygen out of water they pump through their bodies
What are spicules made of?
Spicules are made up of calcium carbonate and silica. (Amoebocytes produce spicules)
What is the “skeleton” of sponges made of?
The skeleton of a sponge is made up of spongin and spicules
Distinguish between choanocytes and amoebocytes. What are their respective functions?
Choanocytes are specialized cells that contain flagella. Choanocytes use their flagella to propel water throughout the sponge body. The choanocytes capture nutrients and oxygen as the water passes.
Amoebocytes have the ability to roam throughout the skeleton of the sponge. Amoebocytes carry nutrients to other areas of the sponge. In addition, amoebocytes play a role in reproduction by producing sex cells through meiosis.
Why would sponges not be able to live on land?
Sponges are sessile creatures. They would not be able to feed as effectively on land as there would not be enough food available in the air.
What does hermaphroditic refer to?
Hermaphroditic organisms have the ability to produce both male and female sex cells.
Provide a description of how water flows through a sponge. Identify the openings and cells involved. (use the image as a reference)
Water enters the sponge through the pores on the sides of the organism. These pores are called ostium (ostia plural). Water would travel intro the central region of the sponge and then out through the top opening called the osculum (oscula if there are multiple).
Lining the ostia are tiny cells called choanocytes (or collar cells). There are hundred to thousands of these cells in each opening. These cells possess a flagella which they whip back and forth creating this current/flow of water throughout the sponge.
Watch the video I attached with the lesson to view this process. These cells are not only involved in creating current, but they are involved in filtering the water of any organic material as nutrients.
How is the body plan of a cnidarian similar to that of a sponge?
Non-coelomates (they do not possess a body cavity) They also have stages of life where they are anchored to the ocean floor (sessile).
What type of symmetry is exhibited by cnidarians?
radial
How does the method by which cnidarians obtain food differ from the method by which Porifera obtain food?
Porifera- filter feeders.
cnidarian- nematocysts and tentacles
Cnidocytes contain nematocysts (stinging cells)
Which body plan of cnidarians is more similar to that of sponges - the polyp or the medusa? Explain
polup- both sessile
How do cnidarians reproduce asexually?
through budding in polup stage to produce medusas
