mnmn Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Briefly describe the three components of the cell theory.
A
  • All living things are made of cells
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (basic unit of life)
  • Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells (cell division)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. How can you distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote?
A
  1. No nucleus
  2. No membrane bound organelles
  3. Smaller & less ribosomes
  4. Most are smaller than eukaryotes
  5. Most are single-celled organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Describe the differences between the two kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
A
  • Domain - Archae
  • Kingdom-Archaebacteria:
  • Harsh environments
  • Cell structures differ from other bacteria
  • Domain – Bacteria
  • Kingdom-Eubacteria:
  • traditional bacteria
  • Peptidoglycan in cell wall (protein)
  • habitats: land, internal, water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Identify the four main groups of archaebacteria and the habitats they can be found in.
A
  1. Methanogens
  • Produce methane
  • Live in swamps, guts of cows & humans
  • Used to treat sewage & purify water
  1. Thermoacidophiles

• Live in hot acidic H 2 0

  1. Chemosynthesizers
  • Live in deep sea volcanic vents
  • Use inorganic compounds for energy (H 2 S)
  1. Halophiles
    Live in extremely salty places (eg. Dead Sea or Salt Lake)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Describe the three main groups of eubacteria, and the characteristics that distinguish them
    from each other. (KEY POINTS ONLY – VERY BRIEFLY)
A
  1. Gram Positive Bacteria
  • Cell wall made of protein and sugar
  • Thick layer of peptidoglycan
  • Turn purple after gram staining
  1. Gram Negative Bacteria
  • Extra layer of lipid outside of cell wall
  • Thin layer of peptidoglycan
  • Turn pink/red after gram staining
  • Require different types of antibiotics to treat infections
  1. Cyanobacteria

• Perform plant-like photosynthesis

O 2 is released as bi-product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. Bacteria are extremely diverse? What six characteristics are used to identify and describe
    bacteria.
A

i. Cell Shape (go over the basic shapes)
ii. Cell Wall (identify the difference between gram negative and
positive)
iii. Motility
iv. Colony Appearance
v. Method of Nutrition
vi. Cellular Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Describe how bacteria reproduce

(a) Sexually

A

Conjugation (sexual reproduction)

• DNA is exchanged between bacteria cells
• Cell to cell contact using pili
• Increases diversity
Transformation (sexual)

• Bacteria cells that pick up DNA from dead bacteria cells

Transduction (sexual)
Use of viruses to transfer DNA between bacteria cells

(b) Asexually
Binary Fission (asexual reproduction)
• Method of reproduction for most bacteria
• Occurs under normal conditions
• Process:
1. DNA replicates (ie. doubles)
2. Cell divides
3. Result: 2 identical daughter cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Explain the differences between obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative
    anaerobes.
A

Cellular Respiration is the process by which nutrients are broken down to provide energy
A. Obligate aerobes
• Need oxygen to live (eg. Tuberculosis)
B. Obligate anaerobes
• Killed by oxygen (eg. Clostridium tetani in deep wounds)
C. Facultative anaerobes
• Can use oxygen if it is available (eg. E. coli in human intestines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly