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1
Q

which of the following is an example of unit bias:
(1) buying a second bottle of soda because the store has a “buy one get one free” sale
(2) adding more sugar to a cup of coffee because it’s bitter
(3) asking for a second helping of pasta
(4) eating more chips in one sitting from a “jumbo” bag than a regular sized bag

A

(4) eating more chips in one sitting from a “jumbo” bag than a regular sized bag

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2
Q

glucostats are:
(1) cells that an detect glucose levels
(2) drugs that block the absorption of glucose
(3) hormones that help store glucose
(4) a category of sugars used by the body and brain for energy

A

(1) cells that an detect glucose levels

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3
Q

the lateral hypothalamus may be involved in:
(1) stoppage of eating
(2) the onset of eating
(3) processing low fats
(4) food allergies

A

(2) the onset of eating

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4
Q

the tendency of the body to maintain a stead state of functioning is called:
(1) stability
(2) drive reduction
(3) homeostasis
(4) physiological balance

A

(3) homeostasis

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5
Q

which of the following show sa focus on the lowest of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:
(1) Frank feels that he is a good salesman because he likes what he does and he knows how to do it well
(2) Mike works hard so he can afford to move out of his crime-riddled neighbourhood
(3) Joan wants to live in a house with all modern conveniences so that she may have more time to seek fulfillment in her family and career
(4) Barbra knows as a teacher that she is a good person because she realizes the importance of imparting knowledge on society

A

(2) Mike works hard so he can afford to move out of his crime-riddled neighbourhood

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6
Q

what is a risk factor for illness such as heart disease and cancer, and elevates a person’s risk for developing hypertension, a weaker immune system, and high levels of stress hormones:
(1) marriage
(2) being the youngest
(3) resentment
(4) loneliness

A

(4) loneliness

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7
Q

which statement best reflects the James-Lang theory of emotion:
(1) our hearts race, we see a monster, we feel fear
(2) we see a monster, we feel fear, our hearts race
(3) we see a monster, our hearts race, we feel fear
(4) we feel fear, our hearts race, we see a monster

A

(3) we see a monster, our hearts race, we feel fear

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8
Q

which theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes:
(1) Cannon-Bard
(2) James-Lang
(3) Schachter
(4) 2 factor

A

(1) Cannon-Bard

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9
Q

according to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Julia complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that:
(1) she will begin to feel annoyed
(2) she will begin to feel happy
(3) she will begin to feel angry
(4) her emotions will depend on her age

A

(2) she will begin to feel happy

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10
Q

which theory of emotion states that your body reacts before you experience emotion:
(1) James-Lang
(2) Cannon-Bard
(3) cognitive
(4) display rule

A

(1) James-Lang

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11
Q

what is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?
(1) stimulus -> emotions -> physiological changes
(2) stimulus -> physiological changes -> emotions
(3) physiological changes -> stimulus -> emotions
(4) stimulus -> physiological changes AND emotions (simultaneously)

A

(4) stimulus -> physiological changes AND emotions (simultaneously)

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12
Q

Mary jumps in fear as she feels a hand on her shoulder while walking on a deserted path across campus. what brain structure played a key role in Mary’s swift reaction?
(1) basal ganglia
(2) hippocampus
(3) cerebral cortex
(4) amygdala

A

(4) amygdala

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13
Q

Kim is a 3-month old infant. Compared to other infants her age she is fussy and cries easily. Kim’s behaviour would be most accurately described as the result of her _________.
(1) state
(2) neuroticism
(3) personality
(4) temperament

A

(4) temperament

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14
Q

most of Vanessa’s relationships with other people are hostile. she frequently gets in fights with strangers and even close friends. If Vanessa took the NEO personality inventory, she would likely have a low score on the _________ dimension.
(1) openness
(2) neuroticism
(3) agreeableness
(4) conscientiousness

A

(3) agreeableness

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15
Q

which two researchers are associated with the Five Factor Model also known as the Big Five?
(1) McCrae and Costa
(2) Cattell and Alport
(3) Jung and Horney
(4) Erikson and Rogers

A

(1) McCrae and Costa

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16
Q

which of the following best illustrates the idiographic approach to personality research?
(1) identifying personality characteristics that are shared by a group of people
(2) designing tests that characterize abnormal personality traits
(3) performing a detailed study of the world’s most successful business person
(4) using factor analysis to identify personality traits

A

(3) performing a detailed study of the world’s most successful business person

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17
Q

Dr. Stause is a personality researcher who is NOT interested in the particular idiosyncrasies that make individuals unique. instead, her research involves studying large groups of people in order to make generalizations about the structure of personality. Dr. Strause’s research is an example of…
(1) the nomothetic approach
(2) the MMPI approach
(3) factor analysis
(4) the idiographic approach

A

(1) the nomothetic approach

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18
Q

which perspective on personality development is most concerned with how one’s learning history influences one’s future permanent, adult personality?
(1) behaviourist
(2) humanistic
(3) psychodynamic
(4) social-cognitive

A

(1) behaviourist

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19
Q

a concern with personal goals and a self-focused orientation are most characteristic of those from _____ cultures.
(1) collective
(2) individualistic
(3) conscientious
(4) humanistic

A

(2) individualistic

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20
Q

research suggests that the Big Five personality traits are…
(1) relatively consistent across all cultures, with some concerns
(2) only found in America
(3) only found in WEIRD populations)
(4) different in every culture

A

(1) relatively consistent across all cultures, with some concerns

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21
Q

as part of a research study, Jennifer discovers that she has a larger brain volume in the left, medial frontal gyrus in the prefrontal cortex. which of the Big Five personality factors does this brain difference correlate with?
(1) neuroticism
(2) extraversion
(3) conscientious
(4) agreeableness

A

(3) conscientious

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22
Q

which of the following is a potential issue when using standardized tests for the Big Five cross-cultural personality research?
(1) the Big Five personality traits only exist in Western cultures
(2) other personality factors, not found in Western cultures, can be missed
(3) Most of the questions in the NEO-PI-R do not apply to people from other cultures
(4) translating the NEO-PI-R would negatively impact its reliability and validity

A

(2) other personality factors, not found in Western cultures, can be missed

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23
Q

when Thaija looks at some modern artwork in a museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. when she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says the stories reflect Thaija’s unconscious thoughts. in psychological terms, what Thaija does is most similar to…
(1) classical conditioning
(2) a projective test
(3) a personality inventory
(4) the MMPI

A

(2) a projective test

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24
Q

You notice your classmate Emma chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final. which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?
(1) genital
(2) phallic
(3) oral
(4) anal

A

(3) oral

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25
Q

the id is motivated by the desire for_________.
(1) free will
(2) instant gratification
(3) moral perfection
(4) social acceptability

A

(2) instant gratification

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26
Q

the main conflict of the anal stage comes from ________.
(1) the Opedius complex
(2) toilet training
(3) sexual repression
(4) weaning off the breast or bottle

A

(2) toilet training

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27
Q

who is the personality theorist whose work is now reflected in the psychodynamic school of thought?
(1) Gordon Allport
(2) Sigmund Freud
(3) Abraham Maslow
(4) B. F. Skinner

A

(2) Sigmund Freud

28
Q

egoism is a…
(1) permanent condition
(2) transient condition
(3) waste of society’s resources
(4) waste of personal resources

A

(2) transient condition

29
Q

if our needs and our means are aligned, we…
(1) are more likely to be content
(2) may be driven to suicide or self-harm
(3) tend to feel more sad
(4) can live independently of wider societal integration

A

(1) are more likely to be content

30
Q

for Klinenberg, which of the following can be considered as social infrastructure?
(1) street markets
(2) highways
(3) schools
(4) the YMCA
(5) the living room in your home

A

(4) the YMCA

31
Q

fatalistic suicide tends to occur in societies…
(1) that are highly urbanized
(2) where individuals feel removed from a group
(3) that are characterized by organic solidarity
(4) where individuals feel too regulated

A

(4) where individuals feel too regulated

32
Q

according to Durkheim, suicide rates are related to the…
(1) number of people in a society
(2) degree of social integration in a society
(3) the domestication of political life
(4) cost of living

A

(2) degree of social integration in a society

33
Q

Klinenberg contrasts places that provide for durable and looser social connection. ____ promote durable ties, ____ promote looser connections.
(1) playgrounds, street markets
(2) street markets, libraries
(3) libraries, playgrounds
(4) playgrounds, libraries

A

(4) playgrounds, libraries

34
Q

if we feel ourselves to be tightly bounded to a group, this may…
(1) help us to feel our personal troubles less deeply
(2) cause egoistic suicide
(3) lead to a feeling of despair
(4) cost us more on taxes

A

(1) help us to feel our personal troubles less deeply

35
Q

egoistic suicide arises form …
(1) societies where individuals are in perpetual conflict
(2) excessive individualism
(3) strict rules of conduct
(4) strong groups

A

(2) excessive individualism

36
Q

what happens when social infrastructure is degraded?
(1) crime rises
(2) older people become more isolated
(3) social networks develop
(4) people spend less time in public
(5) civic participation rises

A

(1) crime rises

37
Q

a car crash woke Izzy from her afternoon nap. when she looked out her apartment window, she saw several people milling around two crashed cars. she decided not to dial 911 because she assumed someone had already called. Izzy’s reaction is an example of…
(1) the bystander effect
(2) pluralistic compliance
(3) obedience to authority
(4) conformity to social norms

A

(1) the bystander effect

38
Q

the chameleon effect occurs when individuals…
(1) unconsciously copy the behaviour of those around them for no apparent reason
(2) try to avoid social situations by disappearing into the background and avoid being noticed
(3) pretend to occupy a social role that is not their own
(4) change the colour scheme of their clothing to match the clothing of those of the most popular people in the group

A

(1) unconsciously copy the behaviour of those around them for no apparent reason

39
Q

what percentage of all participants in Milgram’s study administered the highest level of shock to the learner?
(1) 90%
(2) 25%
(3) 50%
(4) 65%

A

(4) 65%

40
Q

the guidelines for how to behave in social contexts are called_____.
(1) social cognitions
(2) social norms
(3) social roles
(4) conformities

A

(2) social norms

41
Q

Emma is an independent filmmaker who has always believed that big Hollywood movies are garbage. Recently, however, she agreed to work on a big-budget Hollywood movie because the pay was really good. Now she tells her friends, “not all Hollywood movies are that bad”. Emma’s change in attitude is likely the result of _______.
(1) conformity
(2) group think
(3) group polarization
(4) cognitive dissonance

A

(4) cognitive dissonance

42
Q

in Solomon Asch’s famous experiment in which participants were asked to visually judge the length of lines, why did many participants give the incorrect answer at least part of the time?
(1) the lines were too close in length to accurately judge their relative lengths
(2) the participants conformed their answers to those offered by others in the room
(3) the participants were intentionally trying to sabotage the study
(4) the participants were hoping to stand out as unique

A

(2) the participants conformed their answers to those offered by others in the room

43
Q

what is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching?
(1) social loafing
(2) social idleness
(3) social facilitation
(4) social productivity

A

(3) social facilitation

44
Q

Thaija doesn’t follow sports, but she agrees to a football game with a friend. Because she is unfamiliar with the rules, Thaija watches the other spectators around her carefully to see when they clap, stand, cheer, and boo, and then copy their behaviour. which strategy is Thaija using?
(1) groupthink
(2) parodying
(3) mimicry
(4) obedience

A

(3) mimicry

45
Q

the _____ technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted.
(1) foot-in-the-door
(2) door-in-the-face
(3) low-ball
(4) bait-and-switch

A

(2) door-in-the-face

46
Q

even though Emma thought is was wrong to take from others, she didn’t want to be rejected by her peers, so she began shoplifting along with them. Emma probably experienced ______ when she stole.
(1) the fundamental attribution error
(2) reactance
(3) central route change
(4) cognitive dissonance

A

(4) cognitive dissonance

47
Q

a local charity sends you returning mailing labels and asks you to contribute whatever you can. You go ahead and send $5. a month later you receive another request, but this time for $10, along with numerous other charities to contribute to. while you feel good that you contributed, you may be experiencing the…
(1) foot-in-the-mouth technique
(2) foot-in-the-door technique
(3) door-in-the-face technique
(4) door-in-the-foot technique

A

(2) foot-in-the-door technique

48
Q

whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of ______ exists.
(1) groupthink
(2) justification of effort
(3) cognitive dissonance
(4) self determinism

A

(3) cognitive dissonance

49
Q

what involves making a small request before asking for a bigger one?
(1) foot-in-the-door
(2) door-in-the-face
(3) low-ball
(4) bait-and-switch

A

(1) foot-in-the-door

50
Q

When she is not at the bar, Izzy preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke the occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends, although at those times she feel somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behaviour. Izzy is likely experiencing ______ when she smokes.
(1) groupthink
(2) cognitive dissonance
(3) social facilitation
(4) compliance

A

(2) cognitive dissonance

51
Q

Amelia believes very strongly that large corporations are evil and are destroying America. one day, however, a large corporation releases a new tablet computer that Amelia runs out to buy. when asked about her purchase of a product made by a large corporation, Amelia says “well I suppose not all corporations are evil”. Amelia’s change in attitude is likely an attempt to…
(1) reduce cognitive dissonance
(2) avoid making the fundamental attribution error
(3) avoid group polarization
(4) use the door-in-the-face technique

A

(1) reduce cognitive dissonance

52
Q

Ella’s therapist tells her that her depression is likely the result of several factors, including having a genetic predisposition to depression, a pessimistic personality, and a chaotic family life. this view of depression is an example of the _____ model.
(1) many-factor
(2) biopsychosocial
(3) maladaptive
(4) medical

A

(2) biopsychosocial

53
Q

the aetiology of a psychological disorder refers to its…
(1) formal classification
(2) symptoms
(3) origins or cause
(4) treatment

A

(3) origins or cause

54
Q

a strong intense fear of being in public or performing behaviours in public might be characteristic of…
(1) antisocial personality disorder
(2) OCD
(3) panic disorder
(4) social anxiety disorder

A

(4) social anxiety disorder

55
Q

Izzy has such an intense, irrational fear of clowns that she cannot take her kids to see the circus when it’s in town. Izzy would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from ______.
(1) OCD
(2) panic disorder
(3) a phobia
(4) PTSD

A

(3) a phobia

56
Q

Ava is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control. she often feels tense, even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety. if you were a clinical psychologist, you would be trying to determine is Ava meets the criteria for______.
(1) agoraphobia
(2) generalized anxiety disorder
(3) major depression
(4) social phobia

A

(2) generalized anxiety disorder

57
Q

prolonged periods of sadness, feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and physical sluggishness bets describes which disorder?
(1) major depression
(2) OCD
(3) bipolar disporder
(4) DID

A

(1) major depression

58
Q

which of the following is true about the stigma associated with psychological disorders?
(1) while the stigma around mental illness is not justified, seeking treatment for mental illness can lead to discrimination
(2) there is no real stigma associated with psychological disorders
(3) the stigma around psychological disorders is justified, given the danger and unpredictable nature of the mentally ill
(4) while a mental illness stigma exists, it is not a major barrier to seeking treatment

A

(1) while the stigma around mental illness is not justified, seeking treatment for mental illness can lead to discrimination

59
Q

which area of psychology focuses on identifying how an individual’s mental health is influenced by factors such as neighbourhood, economics, and social groups?
(1) clinical psychology
(2) local psychology
(3) community psychology
(4) holistic psychology

A

(3) community psychology

60
Q

thanks to what movement have the vast majority of mental institutions in Canada been closed?
(1) in-patient
(2) therapeutic alliance
(3) empirically supported treatment
(4) deinstitutionalization

A

(4) deinstitutionalization

61
Q

what method of treating phobias involves relaxation and exposure to the feared object?
(1) aversive conditioning
(2) punishment
(3) flooding
(4) systematic desensitization

A

(4) systematic desensitization

62
Q

______ client-centred therapy centres on the patient’s goals and ways of solving problems.
(1) Rogers’
(2) Freud’s
(3) Beck’s
(4) Ellis’

A

(1) Rogers’

63
Q

systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person deal with his or her…
(1) depression
(2) DID
(3) phobia
(4) psychopathic personality

A

(3) phobia

64
Q

what is the process by which a patient projects feelings about their individuals onto the psychoanalyst?
(1) resistance
(2) reactance
(3) countertransference
(4) transference

A

(4) transference

65
Q

suppose a friend asks you about the general effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy. which of the following would be the most accurate response?
(1) “drug treatments are typically more effective when combined with psychotherapy”
(2) “drug treatments are more effective than traditional psychotherapy”
(3) “drug treatments are typically a waste of money and have almost no effect”
(4) “there are almost no well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of drug therapies”

A

(1) “drug treatments are typically more effective when combined with psychotherapy”

66
Q

medications which affect psychological function are collectively referred to as ________ drugs.
(1) psychotropic
(2) tricyclic
(3) psychedelic
(4) antipsychotic

A

(1) psychotropic

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