Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

psych > 15/16: Mental Health and Clinical Psych > Flashcards

15/16: Mental Health and Clinical Psych Flashcards

1
Q

what is abnormal psychology

A

psychological study of mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is maladaptive behaviour?

A

cause distress/harm to oneself/others, impair day-to-day functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a disorder according to the APA

A

Syndrome characterised by significant disturbances in cognition/emotional regulation/behaviour that reflects dysfunction in the psychological/biological/developmental processes underlying mental function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the medical model

A

sees psychological conditions through the same lens as Western medicine tends to see physical conditions (a set of symptoms, cause, and outcomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what were most mental disorders classified as back in the day

A

mania or melancholia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is psychosis

A

when an individual has difficulties distinguishing between what is real and what is imagined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who was able to see which symptoms occur together, and tell which disorders were curable and which would get worse over time

A

Emil Kraepelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an example of non emotional psychosis

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

an example of emotional psychosis

A

bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are culture bound symptoms

A

expressions of distress that are recognized across a given culture but that tend not to appear outside of that culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when was the DSM created

A

after WWII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

critiques of diagnosing with the DSM

A

subjective, unclear border between normal and abnormal, border between different illnesses is unclear, labels impact people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do labels cause

A

misperception and stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an anxiety disorder

A

a permanent and irrational fear that typically causes people to avoid certain situations/people/objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is general anxiety disorder

A

Apprehension and agitation persistent and uncontrollable, Inability to identify causes, Activation of ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is panic disorder

A

marked by occasional episodes of sudden, very intense fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are panic attacks

A

brief moments of extreme anxiety that include a rush of physical activity paired with frightened thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is agoraphobia

A

intense fear of having panic attacks in public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is social anxiety disorder

A

a very strong fear of being judged by others or being embarrassed in public

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are obsessions (OCD)

A

intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are compulsions (OCD)

A

a repeatedly strong feeling of “needing” to carry out an action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

OCD shows abnormal activity where in the brain

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (involved with attentional control/problem solving) and the frontal-lobe area (involved in attention and emotion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anxiety disorders show a neurotransmitter inabalance of what

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how can classical conditioning explain anxiety disorders

A

Little Albert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how can operant conditioning explain anxiety disorders
negative reinforcement motivating anxious-avoidant responses
26
what are depressive disorders
A disturbance of the person’s mood is assumed to be the underlying cause
27
what are characteristics of major depression
Depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure
28
what neurotransmitter are effected by depression
Lowered norepinephrine and serotonin activity
29
what gene puts you at greater risk for depression
short version of 5-HTT gene
30
what is the diathesis stress model
interaction between a genetic predisposition for a disorder and life stress
31
what happens to the brain when you are depressed
The amygdala is overactive, leads to extra cortisol damaging cells in the hippocampus, reduces neurogenesis, underactive nucleus accumbens (related to positive rewards) and medial prefrontal cortex
32
what are psychological elements of depression
learned helplessness and negative thinking
33
what is bipolar disorder
Characterized by extreme highs and lows in mood (depression and mania)
34
what is mania characterized by (bipolar)
involves racing thoughts, impulsive/spontaneous decisions, high-risk behaviors, can be exhilarating, have very little concern for the potential consequences
35
what is depression characterized by (bipolar)
the risky behavior from the high comes at a cost, feeling a lot of remorse and embarrassment
36
what are substance use disorders
The need for obtaining a substance/its frequent use creates dysfunction
37
what happens in the brain during substance-use disorders
cross the blood-brain barrier, affect areas of the brain tied to the neurotransmitter dopamine
38
what is neuroadaptation
with time the brain adapts to the repeated presence of the substance, leading to greater tolerance
39
what does the opponent process theory do to people with substance-use disorders
Opponent process will start to change the body to adjust to the presence of the substance build tolerance. With repeated exposure, the first hedonic state will decrease in value, a higher dose is needed for the same experience
40
what is ADHD
A persistent pattern of inattention/hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
41
what are clinical psychologists
have PhD and able to formally diagnose and treat
42
what are counselling psychologists
have master’s/PhD, mental health professional, manage stress and coping
43
what are psychiatrists
medical doctors, diagnose, treat, and prescribe
44
what are community psychologists
focuses on identifying how individuals’ mental health is influenced by the community in which they live
45
what is biomedical therapy
the use of medications/other procedures acting on the body to reduce the symptoms of mental disorders
46
what is psychotherapy
an interactive experience with a trained professional
47
what are empirically supported treatments
treatments that have been tested/evaluated using scientific methods
48
what is therapeutic alliance
the relationship that emerges in therapy between the therapist and the patient
49
what is bibliotherapy
use of self-help books and other reading material as a form of therapy
50
what is insight therapy
involves dialogue between patient and therapist for the purpose of gaining awareness and understanding of psychological problems and conflicts
51
what is psychodynamic therapy
emphasize the need to discover and resolve unconscious conflicts
52
what is free association
talk or write without censoring their thoughts in any way
53
what is dream analysis
examining details of a dream in order to gain insight into the true meaning
54
what is resistance
occurs when the patients tries to keep the unconscious thoughts from surfacing
55
was is transference
patients direct certain patterns/emotional experiences towards the analyst (milestone)
56
what is object relations therapy
focuses on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning
57
what is humanistic existential psychology
Emphasizes individual strength and the potential for growth, assuming that human nature is fundamentally positive
58
what is the phenomenological approach
therapist addresses clients feelings and thoughts as they unfold in the present moment
59
what is client centered therapy
focuses on individuals’ abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist
60
what is emotion focused therapy
it is better to face and accept difficult emotions and thoughts than to bottle them inside
61
what are behavioral therapies
attempting to directly address problem behaviors and the environmental factors that trigger them (seek to recondition patients)
62
what are psychotropic drugs
medication designed to alter psychological functioning
63
what is the blood-brain barrier
network of tightly packed cells that allow only specific substances to move from the bloodstream to the brain in order to protect the delicate cells
64
what are antidepressant drugs
medications designed to reduce symptoms of depression
65
what are tricyclic antidepressants
drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
66
what are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
antidepressant that blocks serotonin reuptake
67
what is the herbal treatment
St.John's wort
68
what are mood stabilizers
drugs to prevent/reduce severity of mood swings for people with bipolar
69
what was the first mood stabilizer prescribed
lithium
70
antianxiety drugs
affect the GABA activity
71
what are antipsychotic drugs
used to treat psychosis (delusions, hallucinations, disturbed or disorganized thought)
72
what is tardive dyskinesia
a movement disorder involving involuntary movements and facial tics
73
what are atypical antipsychotics
second generation antipsychotics, produce less side effects
74
what is psychopharmacotherapy
use of drugs to manage patients’ symptoms
75
what is electroconvulsive therapy
induces a mild seizure that disrupts severe depression for some people
76
what do behvaioral approaches focus on
focus is on changing the behavior, as opposed to cognitions (cause is rooted in the reinforcement of the behavior)
77
what are cognitive approaches focused on
changing mental habits (cause is rooted in problematic thought patterns)
78
what is counterconditinoing
Aims to create a positive response to an aversive stimuli
79
what is systematic desensitization
beginning with a tiny reminder of the feared situation, keep increasing the exposure intensity as the person learns to tolerate the previous level
80
what is flooding
patient goes straight to the most challenging part of the hierarchy
81
how does operant conditioning work in therapies
Aim is to reinforce desired behaviors and NOT reinforce problematic behaviors
82
what is the systems approach
encourages therapists to see an individual’s symptoms as being influenced by many interacting systems
83
what is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
combines mindfulness meditation with standard cognitive behavioral therapy tools
84
what is decentering
when you are able to “step back” from their normal consciousness and examine themselves
85
what is cognitive behavioral therapy
Procedures such as cognitive restructuring, stress inoculation training, exposing people to experiences they have a tendency to avoid
86
what is CBT effective for
anxiety, OCD, phobias, EDs, increasing behavioral skills, decreasing problematic behaviors
87
what is dialectical behavior therapy
Assumes the route of the disorder is in emotional regulation and tolerance of distress
88
what is a frontal lobotomy
surgically severing the connection between different regions of the brain
89
what is a leukotomy
surgical deconstruction of brain tissues in the prefrontal cortex
90
what is a icepick lobotomy
insert a metal shaft between the eyeball and eyelid, tap it with a hammer into the brain, move it around until the frontal lobes were detached
91
what are focal lesions
small areas of brain tissue that are surgically destroyed
92
what are focal lesions used to treat
OCD
93
what are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
a focal area of the brain is exposed to a powerful magnetic field across several treatment sessions
94
what is deep brain stimulation
electrically stimulating specific regions of the brain (super effective)
95
what is a mental disorder defence (legal)
claims that the defendant was in such an extreme, abnormal state of mind when committing the crime that they could not have known that their actions were legally/morally wrong
96
what is an asylum
residential facilities for the mentally ill
97
what is deinstitutionalization
the movement of large numbers of psychiatric inpatients from their care facilities back into regular society
98
what are residential treatment centres
housing facilities where residents receive psychological therapy and life skill training, with the goal of helping them become re-integrated into society

psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions