13: social psych

Question 1

humans are fundamentally what?

Answer 1

social creatures

Question 2

why do we conform to social groups?

Answer 2

To get information or informational influence and to fulfill our need for belonging

Question 3

what is normative influence

Answer 3

the result of social pressure to adopt a group’s perspective in order to be accepted

Question 4

what is informational influence

Answer 4

when people feel the group is giving them useful information

Question 5

what is groupthink

Answer 5

a decision-making problem where group members avoid arguments and strive for agreement

Question 6

what is the bystander effect

Answer 6

an individual is less likely to help when they think that others aren’t helping

Question 7

what is diffusion of responsibility

Answer 7

reduced personal responsibility that a person feels when more people are present in a situation

Question 8

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 8

People want to maintain consistency between thoughts and actions and appear as a “good person”. inconsistencies provide unpleasant arousal

Question 9

what are social norms

Answer 9

the unwritten guidelines for how to behave in social contexts

Question 10

what are social roles

Answer 10

guidelines that apply to specific positions within the group

Question 11

what is synchrony

Answer 11

occurs when two individuals engage in social interaction, their speech/language/body language become more alike

Question 12

what is mimicry

Answer 12

taking on the behaviors, emotional displays, and facial expressions of others

Question 13

what is ostracism

Answer 13

being ignored/excluded from social context (motivates us to be normal)

Question 14

what is pluralistic ignorance

Answer 14

occurs when most group members privately reject a belief, attitude, or behavior but incorrectly assume that most others in the group accept it

Question 15

what is false polarization

Answer 15

people perceive the attitudes of those who disagree with them as more extreme than they are

Question 16

How do people respond when their group is perceived as under threat?

Answer 16

Increase the ingroup vs. outgroup divide, increase use of stereotypes when interacting with others, leave the group or improve the group

Question 17

Components of attitude

Answer 17

Affective : emotions or feelings toward
Behavioral : actions that result from
Cognitive : knowledge about

Question 18

what is an attitude?

Answer 18

An evaluation of a person, place, object, event, or behavior

Question 19

what are perceived social norms

Answer 19

what we perceive relevant others would do/think/feel/see as acceptable to do/think/feel in a given situation

Question 20

How can attitudes be changed?

Answer 20

Technological (making desired behaviors easier to accomplish and undesired behaviours difficulty)
Legal (creating laws to encourage/reward positive behaviors)
Economic (providing financial incentives and penalties though taxes/pricing)
Social (using info and communication to raise awareness about positive/negative outcomes of behaviors)

Question 21

what is persuasion

Answer 21

a direct attempt to change someone’s attitude

Question 22

what is the elaboration likelihood model

Answer 22

dual-process model of persuasion that predicts whether factual info or other info will be most influential (explicit vs. implicit)

Question 23

what is the construal-level theory

Answer 23

describes how info affects us different depending on our psychological distance from the info

Question 24

what is the identifiable victim effect

Answer 24

people are more powerfully moved to action by the story of a single person suffering rather than a whole group of people

Question 25

what is attitude inoculation

Answer 25

strengthening attitudes and making them more resistant to change by first exposing the people to a weaker counter-argument and then refuting that argument

Question 26

What is the central route?

Answer 26

Focuses on facts, logic, and the content of a message in order to persuade
Need the recipient to have attention and motivation

Question 27

What is the peripheral route?

Answer 27

When people are influenced by features or cues or a presentation that aren’t factual
we believe people we like, people who are dressed better, attractive, famous, experts, etc.
Do NOT need the recipient to have attention and motivation

Question 28

what is compliance

Answer 28

uses social needs as leverage to get people to act in a desired way

Question 29

Door-in-the-face technique?

Answer 29

Asking for something big, then following with a request for something small

Question 30

foot-in-the-door technique?

Answer 30

Make a simple request that is likely to be accepted to get the person to commit to an action plan, Follow it with a larger request

Question 31

bait-and-switch?

Answer 31

Bait with an attractive offer, but the “bait” is not available when you get there and switch to a different position

Question 32

do fear based messages work?

Answer 32

aim to arouse emotions to change attitude, risky because they dismiss the message to avoid acknowledging the risk

Question 33

what is social loafing

Answer 33

occurs when an individual puts less effort into working on a task with others

Question 34

what is social facilitation

Answer 34

occurs when one’s performance is affected by the presence of others

Question 35

what is altruism?

Answer 35

helping others in need without receiving or expecting rewards for doing so