Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych > 12: personality > Flashcards

12: personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is a personality

A

An individual’s characteristic patterns of thoughts/feelings/behaviors persisting over time and across situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an idiographic approach

A

creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s unique personality characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a nomothetic approach

A

examine a personality in large group of people, with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure (extraversion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are psychodynamic theories

A

(Freud) focus on inner conflicts between innate drives (sex/aggression) and social forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are humanist theories

A

focus on private, subjective experiences and personal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is trait theory

A

focus on identifying clusters of traits (adjectives) that can help differentiate people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is social learning theory

A

focus on the role of socialization and mental processes; emphasize interaction between person and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the conscious mind

A

your current awareness, everything you are aware of right now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the unconscious mind

A

much more vast and powerful, inaccessible, will automatically influence your behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the id, ego, and superego

A

id = pleasure principle (devil)
ego = resolves tension between id and superego (us)
superego = morality principle (angel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a freudian slip

A

slip of the tongue offering a glimpse into the unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the psychosexual stages of development

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a fixation

A

becoming preoccupied with obtaining the pleasure associated with a particular stage as a result of not being able to adequately satisfy their needs at that stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the oedipus complex

A

boys becoming attracted to their mothers and compete with their father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the electra complex

A

girls becoming attracted to their fathers, teaming up with father against mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

the ego reduces anxiety by unconsciously altering reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is displacement

A

shifting sexual/aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object/person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is denial

A

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is projecteion

A

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is rationalization

A

offering self-justifying explanations in lieu of the real threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites (hating someone then being super nice to them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is regression

A

retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are projective tests, and give examples

A

personality tests where ambiguous images are presented to elicit response that reflects the unconscious
Inkblot tests, thematic apperception test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

main flaws in freud’s research

A

unfalsifiable, unrepresentative sampling, biased observations, post facto explanations rather than predictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the humanist perspective

A

The individual’s free will to make choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the hierarchy of needs, list it

A

Humans are fundamentally good and have an innate drive toward growth, Personality is shaped by needs and the pursuit of self-actualization, People are motivated by unfulfilled needs, Lower needs in the hierarchy must be satisfied before nigher needs motivate
psychological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are conditions facilitate growth

A

unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, genuineness

28
Q

what is a trait

A

an enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way

29
Q

what is a state

A

a temporary physical/psychological engagement that influences behavior

30
Q

what are examples of states

A

locations, associations, activities, subjective states

31
Q

what did Allport and Odbert do

A

identified 18,000 english words that can represent personality traits

32
Q

what did raymond cattell do

A

narrow it down to 16

33
Q

what did Hans and Sybil Eyenck do

A

create two dimensions of personality

34
Q

what is arousal theory of extraversion

A

arguing that extraversion is determined by people’s threshold for arousal

35
Q

what is the ascending reticular activating system

A

helps in controlling this arousal response
- introverts have a more reactive ARAS because they avoid excessive stimulation

36
Q

what is the behavioral action system

A

a “go” system, arousing the person to action in the pursuit of desired goals

37
Q

what is the behvaioral inhibition system

A

a “danger” system, motivating the person to action in order to avoid punishment/other negative outcomes

38
Q

what are the big 5

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

39
Q

what is authoritarian personality

A

rigid and dogmatic, separate their social world into “us” and “them” then believe that “us” is superior to “them”, endorse and engage in prejudice and violence

40
Q

what is right wing authoritarianism

A

a problematic set of personality characteristics that also predisposes people to certain types of violent/anti-social behavior

41
Q

what is the HEXACO model of personality

A

the FFM but with the addition of honest-humility

42
Q

whats is a response style

A

characteristic ways of responding to questions, strongly influenced by cultural norms

43
Q

what is a genome wide association study

A

examining the DNA of the entire genome to determine which genetic variants are associated with a particular trait

44
Q

what is the dark triad

A

personal roots of evil
Machiavellianiam, psychopathy, narcissism

45
Q

what is machiavellianism

A

manipulative with lack of morality and respect for others

46
Q

what is psychopathy

A

feel little empathy and get a thrill out of conflict/inflicting harm

47
Q

what is narcissism

A

egotistical, excessive sense of self-importance

48
Q

what do infant temperaments predict

A

adult personality traits

49
Q

what does a well adjusted temperament lead to

A

capable of self control, confident, not overly upset by new things

50
Q

what does a under controlled temperament lead to

A

impulsive, restless, distractible, emotionally volatile

51
Q

what does a inhibited temperament lead to

A

socially uncomfortable, fearful, easily upset by strangers

52
Q

what is the barnum effect

A

when people accept vague statements about them as if it was specific to them

53
Q

what are the three personality inventories

A

myers-briggs (MBTI)
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
big five (NEO-PI)

54
Q

what does myers-briggs test

A

extraversion/intraversion
sensing/intuition
thinking/feeling
judging/percieving

55
Q

what is factor analysis

A

used to group items that people respond to similarly (friendly, warm, kind, are one factor)

56
Q

what is reciprocal determinism

A

interactions between behavior, internal factors, and external factors, all of which mutually influence each other

57
Q

what does WEIRD stand for

A

western
educated
industrialized
rich
democratic

58
Q

what is humorism

A

explained both physical illnesses and disorders of personality as resulting from imbalances in key fluids in the body

59
Q

what is analytical psychology

A

focuses on the role of unconscious archetypes in personality development

60
Q

what is phrenology

A

theory that personality characteristics could be assessed by carefully measuring the shape of the skull

61
Q

what is personal unconscious

A

a vast repository of experience and patterns absorbed during the person’s life

62
Q

what is collective unconscious

A

a separate, non-personal realm of the unconscious that hold the collective memories and mythologies of humankind, stretching deep into our ancestral past

63
Q

what are archetypes

A

images and symbols that reflect common patterns of experience across all cultures
mother, child, trickster, wise old man, hero, shadow

64
Q

what is an inferiority complex

A

the struggle that many people have with feeling of inferiority, which stem from experiences of helplessness and powerless during childhood

65
Q

what is womb envy

A

men can never experience carrying another human life and mothering

psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions