✅(Quiz9)

Question 1

Where did the data that were used to make the Keeling curve come from?

a) measurement of sea level
b) measurement of polar ice thickness
c) measurement of carbon dioxide
d) measurement of temperature
e) measurement of carbon sequestration

Answer 1

measurement of carbon dioxide

The Keeling Curve
→ one of the most important and enduring pieces of scientific evidence for understanding the impact of human activities on the Earth’s climate

Question 2

The recovery of forests in Europe is likely due to

a) the availability of forests in other regions
b) the forest transition theory
c) the spatial fix
d) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

the availability of forests in other regions
+
the forest transition theory
+
the spatial fix

have helped the recovery of forests

Question 3

What is the primary role of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse effect?

a) to cool the atmosphere
b) to trap heat radiating from Earth’s surface
c) to block short-wave solar radiation
d) to enhance plant photosynthesis
e) to deplete ozone in the atmosphere

Answer 3

to trap heat radiating from Earth’s surface

Question 4

Which statement accurately describes the first appearance of trees on Earth?

a) trees have existed for six billion years.

b) non-flowering conifers evolved after deciduous trees.

c) trees emerged alongside Homo sapiens.

d) deciduous flowering trees appeared 140 million years ago.

e) early trees were primarily oaks and pines.

Answer 4

deciduous flowering trees appeared 140 million years ago

Question 5

What is a key feature of the free-rider problem in climate change mitigation?

a) equal distribution of emissions

b) unlimited enforcement by a global authority

c) uncertainty about climate science

d) costs borne by cooperative parties, benefits shared by all

e) all nations agree to equal reductions

Answer 5

costs borne by cooperative parties, benefits shared by all

Question 6

What term best describers an event that temporarily or permanently alters the vegetation in an ecosystem?

a) ecosystem services

b) disturbance

c) the forest transition theory

d) succession

e) climax vegetation

Answer 6

disturbance

Ecosystem services
→ benefits gained from nature

Disturbance
→ a significant change caused to a ecosystem

The forest transition theory
→ a theory that believes de-forestation will be followed by re-forestation

Succession
→ natural process of how ecosystem undergo gradual change

Climax vegetation (安定木)
→ refers to the stable, mature plant community that develops in an ecosystem after it has undergone ecological succession

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of reconciliation ecology?

a) fuelwood collection

b) forest canopy tours

c) shade-grown coffee agriculture

d) monoculture timber plantation

Answer 7

monoculture timber plantation

Reconciliation ecology
→ a study that focuses on how to encourage biodiversity in the anthropocene era

Fuelwood collection
→ when collected fallen branches or twigs are used as a source of energy

Forest canopy tours
→ eco-adventure experiences that allow participants to explore the upper layers of a forest

Shade-grown coffee agriculture
→ coffee grown underneath a canopy of taller trees

→ it provides habitat for birds & there are multitude of benefits to the ecology

Monoculture timber plantation
→ a large-scale agricultural system where only one type of tree is being grown in a given area

Question 8

How has modern society altered the carbon cycle?

a) by increasing carbon storage in oceans

b) by reducing fossil fuel use

c) by emitting carbon at a faster rate than it is absorbed

d) by accelerating carbon sequestrations

e) by increasing the planet’s crustal carbon stores

Answer 8

by emitting carbon at a faster rate than it is absorbed

Question 9

What case was mentioned in the book as an example of carbon offset program as a form of greenwashing?

a) French company engaged in forestry in Turkey

b) Chinese company engaged in forestry in India

c) Norwegian company engaged in forestry in Uganda

d) Japanese company engaged in forestry in Indonesia

e) British company engaged in forestry in Uruguay

Answer 9

Norwegian company engaged in forestry in Uganda

Question 10

Which perspective would argue that market-based solutionsdo not address the problems of uneven development and overaccumulation?

a) social construction of nature

b) political economy

c) risks and hazards

d) market and commodities

e) institutions

Answer 10

political economy

Political economy
→ a field that examines how political forces, economic systems & social structures shape the distribution of wealth and power